A column assembly has an elongated tubular member. A wall end assembly has an elongated tubular member. A flexible interface connects the column assembly to the wall end assembly. The flexible interface includes a spring pack assembly having a disc spring, an elongated male fastening member, a female fastening member, and an absorbing layer. The male fastening member extends through the spring pack hole into the female fastening member to connect the column assembly to the wall end assembly with the female fastening member and to hold the male fastening member in place.

A sheltering system comprised of a housing unit made of at least one panel connected to a base with one or more entrances into the housing unit and a structural framework with at least one beam that extends the length or width of a panel or base on the housing unit. The beam has at least one notch near the joining of two panels or a panel and the base. The housing unit may be connected to an air intake system that allows for air to move into the interior of the housing unit and then egress out

A sheltering system comprised of a housing unit made of at least one panel connected to a base with one or more entrances into the housing unit and a structural framework with at least one beam that extends the length or width of a panel or base on the housing unit. The beam has at least one notch near the joining of two panels or a panel and the base. The housing unit may be connected to an air intake system that allows for air to move into the interior of the housing unit and then egress out

A lower connector includes a lower connector hollow body, a pair of lower connector bosses coupled to the lower connector hollow body, and a pair of lower connector arms coupled to the lower connector bosses. A connector assembly includes an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors.

A lower connector includes a lower connector hollow body, a pair of lower connector bosses coupled to the lower connector hollow body, and a pair of lower connector arms coupled to the lower connector bosses. A connector assembly includes an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors.

A prefabricated post assembly is proposed. The prefabricated post assembly includes a vertical post having at least one assembly surface and a horizontal post having an assembly module mounted at an end thereof to be coupled to the assembly surface, in which at least one upper insertion hole is formed at an upper portion of the assembly surface and at least one lower insertion hole is formed at a lower portion of the assembly surface.

A collar flange assembly clamping tool is disclosed, including an axle having a long axis, and a pair of arms mounted on the axle. At least one of the arms is slideable along the long axis. Each arm includes a primary axis perpendicular to the long axis of the axle, a proximal end portion, and a distal end portion with a tab. The proximal end portion includes a clamping device that moves in a direction perpendicular to the primary axis of the arm and the long axis of the axle.

In one implementation, a metal deck is provided that includes one or more deck components formed in a contiguous metal sheet. Each of the deck components includes one or more folded ribs formed along the length of the metal deck. Each of the one or more folded ribs are configured such that one or more trusses of a building may fit between the one or more folded ribs. The metal deck may be used to complete the structural diaphragm without using concrete.

In one implementation, a metal deck is provided that includes one or more deck components formed in a contiguous metal sheet. Each of the deck components includes one or more folded ribs formed along the length of the metal deck. Each of the one or more folded ribs are configured such that one or more trusses of a building may fit between the one or more folded ribs. The metal deck may be used to complete the structural diaphragm without using concrete.

A Z-shaped attachment element for use in building construction is disclosed. The Z-shaped attachment element is made from a single piece of sheet metal that is first cut and then bent to form the Z-shaped cross-sectional profile. The Z-shaped attachment element comprises: an elongated upper flange; an elongated lower flange, wherein the upper and lower flanges are spaced apart and substantially parallel to each other; an elongated middle web section between, and connected to, the upper and lower flanges along respective upper and lower lengthwise bends (wherein the middle web section is diagonal in relation to the position of the upper and lower flanges, thereby defining a generally Z-shaped cross-sectional profile); and a plurality of notches formed along the lower lengthwise bend and into the lower flange and the adjoining middle web section, but not into the upper bend or the upper flange, of the Z-shaped sheet metal attachment element.