A lower connector includes a lower connector hollow body, a pair of lower connector bosses coupled to the lower connector hollow body, and a pair of lower connector arms coupled to the lower connector bosses. A connector assembly includes an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors.

A modular structural element (20) which is arranged to be connected to another such element so as to form an assembled structure, wherein the modular structural element is of substantially square outline or of substantially hexagonal or half-hexagonal outline, and the element comprises a principal height dimension and a principle lateral dimension, wherein, a ratio of the two said principal dimensions is no more than 6.

A connector assembly, which in one embodiment has an upper connector and in another embodiment has a lower connector. The assembly can have a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors. Also, disclosed is a hoistable connector assembly, a lifting frame assembly, a coupling system for modular frame units, a method for assembling a module unit using the connector assembly, and a modular frame unit and building having the connector assembly. Also, a system for coupling adjacent modular frame units for forming a modular building and a method for coupling modular frame units for forming a modular building are provided.

A space frame is provided having a first set of nodes located along a first surface and a second set of nodes located along a second surface, and a unitary cell. The second surface non-intersecting the first surface. The unitary cell comprises at least four continuous web elements and extending in three dimensions. The unitary cell spans at least two nodes of the first set of nodes and at least two nodes of the second set of nodes.

A system of cross-shaped units and nodes used to construct strong, lightweight, inexpensive space frames with alternately rigid and flexible components, in which each cross-shaped unit which fits together with five like units to form a spherical node which can be connected to other nodes to form frames for the production of structures including toys, playground structures, lattices, pergolas, statues, roofs, furniture, fixtures, mattresses, kites, lamps, artistic structures and fixtures, floating platforms, flexible joints for machines or robots, buildings, bridges and space stations.

A system of cross-shaped units and nodes used to construct strong, lightweight, inexpensive space frames with alternately rigid and flexible components, in which each cross-shaped unit which fits together with five like units to form a spherical node which can be connected to other nodes to form frames for the production of structures including toys, playground structures, lattices, pergolas, statues, roofs, furniture, fixtures, mattresses, kites, lamps, artistic structures and fixtures, floating platforms, flexible joints for machines or robots, buildings, bridges and space stations.

Tensegrity structures and methods of constructing tensegrity structures of three-dimensional tensegrity lattices formed from truncated octahedron elementary cells. Space-tiling translational symmetry is achieved by performing recursive reflection operations on the elementary cells. This topology exhibiting unprecedented static and dynamic mechanical properties.

A device for strengthening and/or rigging trusses includes at least two connecting elements, which connect at least two parallel truss pipes of the truss. On these connecting elements an attachment unit provided between at least one pair of truss pipes, to which mounting structures can be attached.

A triangular pyramidal supporting structure, which has the shape of a tetrahedron made up of elements to form a primary plane, and sloping elements (projecting slopingly upwards from the primary plane and meeting in a junction point. The joining of the elements of the tetrahedron is governed by imaginary lines that are determined by the primary plane. Further, a system has at least four tetrahedrons, and a method for providing the tetrahedron and the system are described.

A space frame is provided having a first set of nodes located along a first surface and a second set of nodes located along a second surface, and a unitary cell. The second surface non-intersecting the first surface. The unitary cell comprises at least four continuous web elements and extending in three dimensions. The unitary cell spans at least two nodes of the first set of nodes and at least two nodes of the second set of nodes.