The object of the invention is an 1-profile preform which comprises an outer wall (1) of the first flange and two inner walls (2) of the first flange arranged with respect to the outer wall (1) of the first flange, a first web wall (3) and a second web wall (4) being arranged in a plane parallel with respect to the first web wall (3), an outer wall (5) of the second flange, and two inner walls (6) of the second flange arranged with respect to the outer wall (5) of the second flange, wherein the corresponding walls (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) are arranged with respect to each other while retaining a gap forming a closed empty inner space of an 1-profile preform, and wherein a valve element (7) is arranged on at least one wall (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6). The object of the invention is also an 1-profile manufacturing method with the use of an 1-profile preform.

The invention describes a girder profile made of stone material and tensile-resistant material, which is preferably made of 002 in order to fix greenhouse gases. This is intended to replace steel girders and aluminum girders with sustainable building materials.

The invention adopts the principle of dovetailing from timber construction and transfers this principle to the structure made of stone material and fiber material, in that the planes of the profile, which usually meet orthogonally, overlap geometrically with regard to the tension-stable material parts or at least meet in one cutting plane.

Such materials made of mineral substances and fibrous materials are significantly lighter, more durable and more ecological than such carriers made of metallic materials.

A beam for formwork systems, with a transverse cross-section that is symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry and having, in succession:

a first portion with two C-shaped profiles, which are arranged mirror-symmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry, with mutually opposite cores and cavities directed outward, connected by a plate for connection between two mirror-symmetrical wings thereof,

a connecting element, which extends along the direction of the axis of symmetry, between the plate for connection and a base,

a second portion with two protrusions which extend from the base and are provided with transverse end elements.

A truss includes an upper angle assembly; the upper angle assembly including an upper gap positioned in the lower angle assembly; a lower angle assembly, the lower angle assembly including a lower gap positioned in the lower angle assembly; and at least one of: a web member; and a bridge web member. The at least one of the web member and the bridge web member is positioned within the gap of at least one of the upper angle assembly and the lower angle assembly.

Various implementations described herein are directed to a load bearing ledger fitting, a modular header beam, a perimeter safety deck, a multi-purpose bearing plate, and a mega-shore bearing plate of an integrated construction system.

Exemplary embodiments relate to a quick-assemble construction system that includes various components that can be positioned and interconnected quickly and later adjusted and tightened. The quick-assemble construction system was envisioned specifically for freestanding seating systems that can be quickly installed and removed if needed, although the quick-assemble construction system can be used in a wider range of applications and is not limited to seating systems.

A metal beam with asymmetric section and damage warning function includes a main body; the cross-sectional shape of the main body section defines a neutral axis, and a pressure zone and a tension zone when subjected to a pure bending moment load. Each point of the main body is arranged in a linear relationship with respect to the neutral axis within the elastic range. The cross-sectional shape of the main body section is on both sides of the neutral axis in an asymmetrical arrangement. The section modulus of the pressure zone of the main body section at the maximum bending moment is greater than the section modulus of the tension zone. Before the pressure zone bears a stress reaching the elastic limit to yield and enter plastic deformation, the tension zone has a stress exceeding the elastic limit and yield to enter plastic deformation first, so that the plastic deformation of the yielding tension zone provides a warning about a possibly occurring compressive shear damage of the pressure zone, forming the present invention.

An engineered structural member for use as, for example a stud, and a method for producing an engineered structural member, includes producing two flange members, preferably from nominal dimension solid lumber, providing slots in the flange members to receive opposite edges of a thin web, and assembling the edges of the web into the flange member slots to form an assemble engineered structural member. Preferably, an adhesive is used to bond the flange members to the web. An insulating material such as a rigid foam also may be arranged in the open spaces between the flange members at the exposed sides of the web to increase insulating capacity. The engineered structural member provides increased insulation capacity to a structure while reducing structure weight, improving strength and improving dimensional instability.

An H-section steel has a predetermined chemical composition in which a thickness of a flange is 100 mm to 150 mm, at a strength evaluation position an area fraction of bainite in a steel structure is 80% or more, yield strength or 0.2% proof strength is 450 MPa or more, tensile strength is 550 MPa or more and 680 MPa or less, at a toughness evaluation position an average austenite grain size in the steel structure is 150 μm or less, and (Mg, Mn)S having a particle size of 0.005 μm to 0.5 μm is included at a density of 1.0×10.sup.5 pieces/mm.sup.2 to 1.0×10.sup.7 pieces/mm.sup.2.

The present invention is a support structure including elongate hollow cylinder and flat plates secured thereto. A first rigid flat plate is horizontally disposed in overlying relation to each hollow cylinder and a second rigid flat plate is horizontally disposed in underlying relation to each hollow cylinder. Stress-distributing strengthening members are circumferentially positioned about the hollow cylinder and secured to their associated rigid flat plates. A key may extend from a first end of each hollow cylinder and a mating socket may be formed in a second end of each hollow cylinder to facilitate end-to-end interconnection of a plurality of hollow cylinders.