A split air cabin ventilation system for construction of tunnel inclined shafts, including a first air cabin and a second air cabin which are both in a hollow closed structure with an air inlet end and an air outlet end respectively at both sides. The two air outlet ends are arranged away from each other. An end of the split air cabin is provided with an air inlet, and the other end is provided with an air outlet. The air inlet is connected to an air source, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet ends of the first and second air cabins, respectively. The air inlet end of the first air cabin is connected to another air source.

A directional drilling apparatus using a water hammer unit according to the present invention includes a hammer body in which a bit unit configured to perform boring work is installed to be movable upward and downward at an end portion of the hammer body, a piston slidably installed on the hammer body and including an operating fluid discharge part formed in a longitudinal direction, a drive unit installed between the hammer body and the piston to support an upper portion of the piston and configured to move the piston upward and downward using water supplied through a rod connected to the hammer body, a hammer unit including a rotary shaft coupled to a bit by a first coupling part so as to transmit a rotational force in a state in which the hammer unit passes through the piston installed on the hammer body and is moved upward or downward by the bit, and a mud motor unit coupled to the hammer body and configured to rotate the rotary shaft.

A split air cabin ventilation system for construction of tunnel inclined shafts, including a first air cabin and a second air cabin which are both in a hollow closed structure with an air inlet end and an air outlet end respectively at both sides. The two air outlet ends are arranged away from each other. An end of the split air cabin is provided with an air inlet, and the other end is provided with an air outlet. The air inlet is connected to an air source, and the air outlet is connected to the air inlet ends of the first and second air cabins, respectively. The air inlet end of the first air cabin is connected to another air source.

A directional drilling apparatus using a water hammer unit according to the present invention includes a hammer body in which a bit unit configured to perform boring work is installed to be movable upward and downward at an end portion of the hammer body, a piston slidably installed on the hammer body and including an operating fluid discharge part formed in a longitudinal direction, a drive unit installed between the hammer body and the piston to support an upper portion of the piston and configured to move the piston upward and downward using water supplied through a rod connected to the hammer body, a hammer unit including a rotary shaft coupled to a bit by a first coupling part so as to transmit a rotational force in a state in which the hammer unit passes through the piston installed on the hammer body and is moved upward or downward by the bit, and a mud motor unit coupled to the hammer body and configured to rotate the rotary shaft.

The present disclosure relates to a method for constructing a penstock. A path of the penstock to be dug along a central axis of a hydro-electric site within a rock mass is planned. A lower shaft is excavated, the lower shaft intersecting the path of the penstock. A starting station extending from the lower shaft and from a bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. The penstock is excavated. An arrival station is excavated and is overhanging above a top of the penstock. An expansion chamber broadening a width of the penstock and broadening a width of the lower shaft near the bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. A hydro-electric site comprising the penstock is also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a method for constructing a penstock. A path of the penstock to be dug along a central axis of a hydro-electric site within a rock mass is planned. A lower shaft is excavated, the lower shaft intersecting the path of the penstock. A starting station extending from the lower shaft and from a bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. The penstock is excavated. An arrival station is excavated and is overhanging above a top of the penstock. An expansion chamber broadening a width of the penstock and broadening a width of the lower shaft near the bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. A hydro-electric site comprising the penstock is also disclosed.

A system and method of preventing an explosion of a natural caldera. The system includes an artificial caldera, formed by a spiral tunnel that extends from a surface of the earth to a position close to a surface of a magma plume of the natural caldera. A plurality of charges, such as tactical nuclear charges, are placed at positions along a length of the spiral tunnel, and detonated to form the artificial caldera. The method includes determining a center of the natural caldera, constructing the spiral tunnel, placing the plurality of charges within the spiral tunnel at fixed intervals, and detonating the plurality of charges simultaneously. Detonation of the plurality of charges opens the artificial caldera and allows magma thereunder to be controllably released through the artificial caldera. In this manner, a pressure of the magma is reduced, and a cataclysmic explosion of the natural caldera is mitigated.

A system and method of preventing an explosion of a natural caldera. The system includes an artificial caldera, formed by a spiral tunnel that extends from a surface of the earth to a position close to a surface of a magma plume of the natural caldera. A plurality of charges, such as tactical nuclear charges, are placed at positions along a length of the spiral tunnel, and detonated to form the artificial caldera. The method includes determining a center of the natural caldera, constructing the spiral tunnel, placing the plurality of charges within the spiral tunnel at fixed intervals, and detonating the plurality of charges simultaneously. Detonation of the plurality of charges opens the artificial caldera and allows magma thereunder to be controllably released through the artificial caldera. In this manner, a pressure of the magma is reduced, and a cataclysmic explosion of the natural caldera is mitigated.

The present disclosure relates to a method for constructing a penstock. A path of the penstock to be dug along a central axis of a hydro-electric site within a rock mass is planned. A lower shaft is excavated, the lower shaft intersecting the path of the penstock. A starting station extending from the lower shaft and from a bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. The penstock is excavated. An arrival station is excavated and is overhanging above a top of the penstock. An expansion chamber broadening a width of the penstock and broadening a width of the lower shaft near the bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. A hydro-electric site comprising the penstock is also disclosed.

The present disclosure relates to a method for constructing a penstock. A path of the penstock to be dug along a central axis of a hydro-electric site within a rock mass is planned. A lower shaft is excavated, the lower shaft intersecting the path of the penstock. A starting station extending from the lower shaft and from a bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. The penstock is excavated. An arrival station is excavated and is overhanging above a top of the penstock. An expansion chamber broadening a width of the penstock and broadening a width of the lower shaft near the bottom of the path of the penstock is excavated. A hydro-electric site comprising the penstock is also disclosed.