A piston arrangement comprising: a piston; a rotatable element, rotatable about an axis, having a first engagement profile; and a mechanism comprising: a first connecting element connected to the piston; a second connecting element pivotable about a fixed point and pivotally connected to the first connecting element; and a second engagement profile coupled to the first and/or second connecting element, configured to mechanically engage and disengage with the first engagement profile of the rotatable element.

A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

A crank and connecting rod mechanism, comprising at least one piston, which reciprocates within at least one cylinder, comprising: at least one connecting rod, comprising: a piston end pivotally connected to the at least one piston, a crank end; at least one gear set, comprising: a crankpin, the crank end pivotally connected to the crankpin; a crank gear; a crank gear shaft, the crank gear rotatably mounted on the crank gear shaft, the crankpin located between centerline of the crank gear shaft and radius of the pitch circle of the crank gear; a stationary gear, the crank gear meshing with the stationary gear, the crank end driving the crankpin, which drives the crank gear and the crank gear shaft about the stationary gear; the crank pin and the crank end rotating about the stationary gear and following the path of a roulette of a centered trochoid about the stationary gear.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

A piston arrangement comprising: a piston; a rotatable element, rotatable about an axis, having a first engagement profile; and a mechanism comprising: a first connecting element connected to the piston; a second connecting element pivotable about a fixed point and pivotally connected to the first connecting element; and a second engagement profile coupled to the first and/or second connecting element, configured to mechanically engage and disengage with the first engagement profile of the rotatable element.

Internal combustion engine with cylinders disposed radially around an axis (Z), in each of which slides a piston carrying out reciprocating rectilinear movements, reversibly transformed into a continuous rotation of an output shaft by: an active unit and passive unit each respectively having a planet gear, the axis of which is parallel to (Z), being capable of meshing with a ring gear, being maintained on its orbit via a planet carrier and having a pitch diameter identical to the pitch radius of the corresponding ring gear. The planet gear is driven in rotation by the planet gear and/or the planet carrier. Each planet gear is respectively rigidly connected to a connecting rod having crank pins, the axes of which are parallel to the axis (Z), pass through the pitch circle of the corresponding planet gear and being capable of cooperating by contact with rods rigidly connected to the pistons.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

Systems, apparatuses and methods in interoperating with multiple clean energy sources, such as pneumatic energy, electrical energy, hydrogen energy and steam energy, with engine configurations employing theses clean energy sources dynamically and synchronously. Further embodiments including fossil fuel energies.

A crankshaft system is provided. The crankshaft has a main journal, a rod journal rotates around the main journal, a planet gear is attached to the rod journal and can rotate around the rod journal, the rotation of the planet gear is constrained by a constraining gear, the teeth number of the constraining gear is integer k times of the teeth number of the planet gear, a crankpin is mounted on the planet gear, one end of a connecting rod of a piston is attached to the crankpin, the constraining gear is a ring gear or a sun gear, the trajectory of the crankpin is noncircular. The combustion chamber volume keeps constant from 0° ATDC to 14° ATDC, or the minimum combustion chamber volume extends from TDC to 14° ATDC or after 14° ATDC.

Internal combustion engine with cylinders disposed radially around an axis (Z), in each of which slides a piston carrying out reciprocating rectilinear movements, reversibly transformed into a continuous rotation of an output shaft by: an active unit and passive unit each respectively having a planet gear, the axis of which is parallel to (Z), being capable of meshing with a ring gear, being maintained on its orbit via a planet carrier and having a pitch diameter identical to the pitch radius of the corresponding ring gear. The planet gear is driven in rotation by the planet gear and/or the planet carrier. Each planet gear is respectively rigidly connected to a connecting rod having crank pins, the axes of which are parallel to the axis (Z), pass through the pitch circle of the corresponding planet gear and being capable of cooperating by contact with rods rigidly connected to the pistons.