A boiler includes one or more evaporators configured to heat water which has flowed therein to a specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure or more in which a specific heat at constant pressure is maximized using a heated fluid and one or more reheaters configured to heat the steam which has come from the boiler using the heated fluid. All the reheaters configured to supply steam to a low-pressure steam turbine are disposed only at a downstream side of the high-pressure evaporator. All the reheaters heat reheating steam (FRHS) containing steam which has passed through a high-pressure steam turbine configured to receive steam supplied from the high-pressure evaporator and having a temperature lower than a specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure in the high-pressure evaporator to less than the specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure.

A boiler includes one or more evaporators configured to heat water which has flowed therein to a specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure or more in which a specific heat at constant pressure is maximized using a heated fluid and one or more reheaters configured to heat the steam which has come from the boiler using the heated fluid. All the reheaters configured to supply steam to a low-pressure steam turbine are disposed only at a downstream side of the high-pressure evaporator. All the reheaters heat reheating steam (FRHS) containing steam which has passed through a high-pressure steam turbine configured to receive steam supplied from the high-pressure evaporator and having a temperature lower than a specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure in the high-pressure evaporator to less than the specific heat maximum temperature at constant pressure.

A steam turbine having a low-pressure inner housing NDIG and a high-pressure inner housing HDIG within a steam turbine outer housing, a reheater downstream of the HDIG and upstream of the NDIG wherein the first steam inlet section of the HDIG faces the second steam inlet section of the NDIG, a process steam deflection section for deflecting process steam out of the first steam outlet section into a gap between an inner wall of the steam turbine outer housing and an outer wall of the HDIG and of the NDIG, a high-pressure sealing shell for sealing the upstream end-section of the HDIG, a low-pressure sealing shell for sealing the upstream end-section of the NDIG, the high-pressure sealing shell located adjacent to the low-pressure sealing shell, wherein process steam can be drawn from the HDIG and conveyed to a region between the high- and low-pressure sealing shells.

A reaction turbine operates on the heat released from the condensation of steam, combined with inherent steam pressure and temperature heads. A series of rotors, each containing multiple curved internal channels, provide compressive boosts between successive stages, while avoiding excessive self-compression. Compressive effects and shock waves generated within these channels provide high levels of condensation, thereby releasing immense amounts of heat. The resulting hot vapor and condensate droplets are then ejected tangentially at the periphery of the rotors to generate thrust. The exhaust steam from the last stage is then compressed and returned to the engine inlet to be mixed with the incoming fresh steam, thereby efficiently completing the system cycle without the need of large cooling towers for condensation.

The present invention relates to a high pressure process for Pre-Combustion and Post-Combustion CO.sub.2 capture (HP/MP/LP gasification) from a CO.sub.2 gas stream (CO2-Stream) by way of CO.sub.2 total subcritical condensation (CO2-CC), separation of liquid CO.sub.2, higher pressure elevation of obtained liquid CO.sub.2 via HP pump, superheating of CO.sub.2 up to high temperature for driving of a set of CO.sub.2 expander turbines for additional power generation (CO2-PG), EOR or sequestration (First new Thermodynamic Cycle). The obtained liquid CO.sub.2 above, will be pressurized at a higher pressure and blended with HP water obtaining high concentrated electrolyte, that is fed into HP low temperature electrochemical reactor (HPLTE-Syngas Generator) wherefrom the cathodic syngas and anodic oxygen will be performed. In particular the generated HP oxygen/syngas will be utilized for sequential combustion (“H.sub.2/O.sub.2-torches”) for super-efficient hydrogen based fossil power generation (Second new Thermodynamic Cycle).

The present invention relates to a high pressure process for Pre-Combustion and Post-Combustion CO.sub.2 capture (HP/MP/LP gasification) from a CO.sub.2 gas stream (CO2-Stream) by way of CO.sub.2 total subcritical condensation (CO2-CC), separation of liquid CO.sub.2, higher pressure elevation of obtained liquid CO.sub.2 via HP pump, superheating of CO.sub.2 up to high temperature for driving of a set of CO.sub.2 expander turbines for additional power generation (CO2-PG), EOR or sequestration (First new Thermodynamic Cycle). The obtained liquid CO.sub.2 above, will be pressurized at a higher pressure and blended with HP water obtaining high concentrated electrolyte, that is fed into HP low temperature electrochemical reactor (HPLTE-Syngas Generator) wherefrom the cathodic syngas and anodic oxygen will be performed. In particular the generated HP oxygen/syngas will be utilized for sequential combustion (“H.sub.2/O.sub.2-torches”) for super-efficient hydrogen based fossil power generation (Second new Thermodynamic Cycle).

Method and apparatus for improving the energy efficiency of existing gas turbine combined cycle plants in which a compressor pressurises air which is combusted with fuel in a combustion chamber, followed by a turbine and a high temperature heat exchanger and a low temperature heat exchanger. In the secondary circulation after the steam turbine II, steam is condensed in the condenser into water, which is pressurised to the maximum pressure by means of a pump and preheated in low temperature heat exchanger and vaporised in a high temperature heat exchanger. After the high temperature heat exchanger, steam enters the steam turbine wherefrom a tap is taken, if necessary, which is injected after preheating into the combustion chamber of the gas turbine process or at the latest the beginning of the vanes of the turbine. Before steam turbine II, the enthalpy of steam (and additional water) at below 1 atm is increased by means of the condensation heat of the water contained in the combustion gases, after which intermediate superheating is applied to the saturated Rankine circulation steam using the excess heat of the low temperature heat exchanger.

The invention is an ocean thermal energy conversion method and a system in which a motive fluid having predetermined characteristics is circulated in a closed loop between a cold source in cold deep ocean water and heat sources in warm surface water. The motive fluid is compressed between the cold source and a first primary warm water heat source resulting in the motive fluid being substantially totally vaporized at an outlet of the warm water heat source. The motive fluid is heated downstream from the primary heat source by a secondary heat source. The thermal energy of the heated motive fluid is recovered from a turbine and the motive fluid is condensed in the cold source.

The invention is an ocean thermal energy conversion method and a system in which a motive fluid having predetermined characteristics is circulated in a closed loop between a cold source in cold deep ocean water and heat sources in warm surface water. The motive fluid is compressed between the cold source and a first primary warm water heat source resulting in the motive fluid being substantially totally vaporized at an outlet of the warm water heat source. The motive fluid is heated downstream from the primary heat source by a secondary heat source. The thermal energy of the heated motive fluid is recovered from a turbine and the motive fluid is condensed in the cold source.

The invention relates to power plant with a steam water power cycle and a lignite dryer that uses steam from the steam water power cycle. The connection of the lignite dryer to the steam water power cycle includes a first extraction line and a second extraction line.