An internal combustion engine, a method of operating the internal combustion engine, and a controller are disclosed. The method may comprise measuring a first pressure at a first position in a fluid line containing pressurized fluid; comparing the first pressure to a first threshold; in response to the first pressure exceeding the first threshold, transmitting a signal to depressurize the fluid line; after transmitting the signal to depressurize the fluid line, measuring a second pressure in the fluid line and comparing the second pressure to at least one of a second threshold and a third threshold, the second threshold being greater than the third threshold and less than the first threshold; and in response to the second pressure being less than the second threshold and exceeding the third threshold, transmitting another signal to depressurize the fluid line.

A system includes a valve actuation system, a pre-lubrication pump coupled to a lubrication circuit and configured to provide oil to the valve actuation system, a catalyst for receiving and treating exhaust gasses, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify an engine start request and determine whether the catalyst temperature is below a first threshold value. In response to determining that the catalyst temperature is below the first threshold value, the controller actuates the pre-lubrication pump to direct lubricant to the valve actuation system, controls the valve actuation system to deactivate at least one cylinder of an engine, and, subsequent to deactivating the at least one cylinder of the engine, cranks the engine.

A cooling system includes: (a) a first pump to be driven with vehicle running; (b) a lubricating passage for supplying the lubricant from the first pump, to a lubrication-required part; (c) a second pump to be driven by a drive source other than a drive source of the first pump; (d) a cooling passage for supplying the lubricant from the second pump, to a rotary electric machine via a heat exchanger provided in the cooling passage; (e) a connecting passage connecting between the lubricating passage and the cooling passage, and (f) a lubricant distribution portion configured to change a connecting-passage flowing amount of the lubricant that flows through the connecting passage, depending on a temperature of the lubricant, such that a ratio of the connecting-passage flowing amount to a lubricating-passage flowing amount of the lubricant that flows through the lubricating passage is increased with increase of the lubricant temperature.

A system includes a valve actuation system, a pre-lubrication pump coupled to a lubrication circuit and configured to provide oil to the valve actuation system, a catalyst for receiving and treating exhaust gasses, and a controller. The controller is configured to identify an engine start request and determine whether the catalyst temperature is below a first threshold value. In response to determining that the catalyst temperature is below the first threshold value, the controller actuates the pre-lubrication pump to direct lubricant to the valve actuation system, controls the valve actuation system to deactivate at least one cylinder of an engine, and, subsequent to deactivating the at least one cylinder of the engine, cranks the engine.

A cooling system includes: (a) a first pump to be driven with vehicle running; (b) a lubricating passage for supplying the lubricant from the first pump, to a lubrication-required part; (c) a second pump to be driven by a drive source other than a drive source of the first pump; (d) a cooling passage for supplying the lubricant from the second pump, to a rotary electric machine via a heat exchanger provided in the cooling passage; (e) a connecting passage connecting between the lubricating passage and the cooling passage, and (f) a lubricant distribution portion configured to change a connecting-passage flowing amount of the lubricant that flows through the connecting passage, depending on a temperature of the lubricant, such that a ratio of the Connecting-passage flowing amount to a lubricating-passage flowing amount of the lubricant that flows through the lubricating passage is increased with increase of the lubricant temperature.

A control system for electric vehicle is provided. The control system is applied to an electric vehicle (Ve) having a motor (2, 3) and an electric oil pump (19) driven by a pumping motor (20). The control system is configured to activate the electric oil pump (19) with a predetermined duty cycle when a main switch is turned on to bring the vehicle (Ve) into a ready-on state where the vehicle (Ve) is ready to travel.