Embodiments of the present invention provide a pre-combustion chamber assembly, comprising (a) a body, having a cylindrical end portion having a step-wise increase in diameter forming a sealing surface for sealing to an engine; (b) a tip, with a hollow shaft in fluid communication with a combustion region of the tip, where the shaft has a first shaft diameter that allows the shaft to be slid over a portion of the body; (c) a gasket mounted about the body and resting against the sealing surface, wherein the gasket comprises a wire wound washer.

A passive prechamber spark plug for use in a combustion chamber of a vehicle engine includes an upper prechamber having an upper opening where the upper prechamber is connectable to the combustion chamber via the upper opening. An air ignition spark is formable via an upper air spark gap. A central electrode is disposed in an upper region of the upper prechamber where a base of the upper prechamber opposite the upper region is an insulator. An electrically conductive element or a slot is guided by the insulator continuously from the upper prechamber into a lower region under the base and the lower region is either a lower prechamber or is arrangeable directly in the combustion chamber. An earth electrode is disposed in the lower region such that a lower air spark gap is formed between the earth electrode and the electrically conductive element or the slot.

A passive prechamber spark plug for use in a combustion chamber of a vehicle engine includes an upper prechamber having an upper opening where the upper prechamber is connectable to the combustion chamber via the upper opening. An air ignition spark is formable via an upper air spark gap. A central electrode is disposed in an upper region of the upper prechamber where a base of the upper prechamber opposite the upper region is an insulator. An electrically conductive element or a slot is guided by the insulator continuously from the upper prechamber into a lower region under the base and the lower region is either a lower prechamber or is arrangeable directly in the combustion chamber. An earth electrode is disposed in the lower region such that a lower air-surface gap spark gap is formed between the earth electrode and the electrically conductive element or the slot.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a pre-combustion chamber assembly, comprising (a) a body, having a cylindrical end portion having a step-wise increase in diameter forming a sealing surface for sealing to an engine; (b) a tip, with a hollow shaft in fluid communication with a combustion region of the tip, where the shaft has a first shaft diameter that allows the shaft to be slid over a portion of the body; (c) a gasket mounted about the body and resting against the sealing surface, wherein the gasket comprises a wire wound washer.

Auxiliary chamber type internal combustion engine has a main combustion chamber and an auxiliary chamber having an injection port through which the main combustion chamber communicates. The auxiliary chamber has a passage sectional area which is smoothly decreased toward the injection port. Further, the engine has a fuel injector injecting a fuel into the auxiliary chamber; an ignition plug igniting the fuel in the auxiliary chamber; and a swirl generating portion swirling a gas in the auxiliary chamber. The swirl generating portion swirls only the gas flowing into the auxiliary chamber from the main combustion chamber.

Air compressor comprising a centrifugal-type compression wheel defining an axial direction and a radial direction, an air intake opening extending circumferentially around the compression wheel and opening onto a compression part, the compression part comprising a first portion forming a volute for the ejection of compressed air which is mounted facing the compression wheel in the radial direction, and an at least partly annular second portion extending around the first portion, the second portion comprising a central orifice receiving at least part of the compression wheel and an air deflection torus, the volute being made of metallic material and the torus made of thermoplastic material filled with non-metallic elements, the thermoplastic material having a thermal expansion corresponding to that of the metallic material.

The present invention uses an improved engineered metal seal with or without an internal energized spring that is disposed in a pre-combustion chamber apparatus assembly to improve sealing over the flat washer seals that are currently used. The seals of the present invention comprise at least three different geometrical configurations of seals that are manufactured from titanium, Inconel, and/or hastelloy. The design of the tip and body of the pre-combustion chamber provide for movement of the seal without leaking. The sealing is provided on the axial surfaces of the tip and the body instead of the face of the tip and body by a flat washer seal, as is currently done.

The stud-oriented valve (50) includes a valve main body (8) which is housed in a lamination duct (7) and which exhibits a closure axial face (10) which can rest on a duct closure seat (11) for isolating a lamination cavity (4) from a combustion chamber (5), said body (8) also having a centering peripheral surface (12), an opening axial face (13) which may rest on a chamber-side valve stop (14), and at least one orientation stud (15) which protrudes from the opening axial face (13), said stud (15) being capable to slide through a guide axial orifice (17) that is fixed to the lamination duct (7).

Provided is a pre-chamber type diesel engine in which fuel injected from an injector mixes satisfactorily with air in a pre-combustion chamber. A corner space section, in which a forced vortex is formed by a flow of air advancing into a pre-combustion chamber from a main combustion chamber via a connecting hole during the compression stroke of a piston, is provided at a prescribed position between the line of extension of the connecting hole and the wall surface of the pre-combustion chamber.

The present invention uses an improved engineered metal seal with or without an internal energized spring that is disposed in a pre-combustion chamber apparatus assembly to improve sealing over the flat washer seals that are currently used. The seals of the present invention comprise at least three different geometrical configurations of seals that are manufactured from titanium, Inconel, and/or hastelloy. The design of the tip and body of the pre-combustion chamber provide for movement of the seal without leaking. The sealing is provided on the axial surfaces of the tip and the body instead of the face of the tip and body by a flat washer seal, as is currently done.