The invention relates to a fluid pipe arrangement (100), in particular for a charged air duct of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing (10) having a longitudinal extension (L). The housing (10) includes a first fluid duct (20) having a first fluid inlet (22) and a first fluid outlet (24) for a first fluid and at least one second fluid duct (30) having a second fluid inlet (32) and a second fluid outlet (34) for a second fluid. Thermal insulation means (40) are provided between at least a portion (38) of the second fluid duct (30) and at least a portion (28) the first fluid duct (20).

A system, apparatus and associated method for the catalyzation of a fossil fuel prior to combustion within an internal combustion engine. A voltage is inputted from a source to a relay and an ignition circuit in separate communication with the relay. The relay converts the input voltage to a negative output voltage applied to a fuel line in communication with a fuel injector of the engine, resulting in a negative charge imparted to the fuel prior to combustion and in order to increase oxidation/burn efficiency with resultant mileage/horsepower increase and concurrent decrease in pollutants resulting from discharge of partially combusted reactants.

Turbocharged engine water vapor ingestion control techniques determine a dew point of a charge air cooler (CAC) in an induction system of the engine based on measured humidity and temperature of a mixture of (i) air drawn into the induction system and (ii) exhaust gas produced by the engine that is cooled and recirculated by a low pressure cooled exhaust gas recirculation (LPCEGR) system of the engine back into the induction system. When the mixture temperature is less than the CAC dew point, a condensate accumulation in the CAC is determined. When the CAC condensate accumulation does not satisfy a set of one or more thresholds, the mixture temperature is increased. When the CAC condensate accumulation satisfies the set of one or more thresholds, an amount of the exhaust gas that is cooled and recirculated by the LPCEGR system is decreased until the mixture temperature meets the CAC dew point.

The invention relates to a fluid pipe arrangement (100), in particular for a charged air duct of an internal combustion engine, comprising a housing (10) having a longitudinal extension (L). The housing (10) includes a first fluid duct (20) having a first fluid inlet (22) and a first fluid outlet (24) for a first fluid and at least one second fluid duct (30) having a second fluid inlet (32) and a second fluid outlet (34) for a second fluid. Thermal insulation means (40) are provided between at least a portion (38) of the second fluid duct (30) and at least a portion (28) the first fluid duct (20).

A system, apparatus and associated method for the catalyzation of a fossil fuel prior to combustion within an internal combustion engine. A voltage is inputted from a source to a relay and an ignition circuit in separate communication with the relay. The relay converts the input voltage to a negative output voltage applied to a fuel line in communication with a fuel injector of the engine, resulting in a negative charge imparted to the fuel prior to combustion and in order to increase oxidation/burn efficiency with resultant mileage/horsepower increase and concurrent decrease in pollutants resulting from discharge of partially combusted reactants.

Turbocharged engine water vapor ingestion control techniques determine a dew point of a charge air cooler (CAC) in an induction system of the engine based on measured humidity and temperature of a mixture of (i) air drawn into the induction system and (ii) exhaust gas produced by the engine that is cooled and recirculated by a low pressure cooled exhaust gas recirculation (LPCEGR) system of the engine back into the induction system. When the mixture temperature is less than the CAC dew point, a condensate accumulation in the CAC is determined. When the CAC condensate accumulation does not satisfy a set of one or more thresholds, the mixture temperature is increased. When the CAC condensate accumulation satisfies the set of one or more thresholds, an amount of the exhaust gas that is cooled and recirculated by the LPCEGR system is decreased until the mixture temperature meets the CAC dew point.