A motorised fluid metering valve includes an inlet pipe, a discharge pipe and a motor moving a piston that can move linearly between a closed position in which a distal end of the piston sealingly engages with a seat of matching shape, and an open position. The valve is configured to have a flow rate that varies continuously between the closed position and the open position depending on an axial position of the piston. The inlet pipe opens in a periphery of the discharge pipe, with a constant protuberance regardless of the position of the piston, the protuberance not extending radially beyond a barycentre of the discharge pipe. Also, the motor is a rotary electric motor moving the piston in translation.

In a hybrid vehicle, each of an engine and an MG1 is mechanically coupled to a drive wheel with a planetary gear being interposed. The planetary gear and an MG2 are configured such that motive power output from the planetary gear and motive power output from the MG2 are transmitted to the drive wheel as being combined. The engine includes a turbocharger, an EGR valve, and a WGV. When opening of the EGR valve exceeds first opening, a controller maintains opening of the WGV at second opening or larger.

A valve system comprising a valve chamber at a junction of an inlet port, an outlet port and a bypass port, the inlet port configured for fluid communication with exhaust gas, the outlet port configured for fluid communication with an inlet of a turbine, and the bypass port configured for fluid communication with an exhaust aftertreatment device; a rotary valve comprising a valve rotor which rotates about a valve axis within the valve chamber between a first position to permit gas flow through the bypass port and a second position to block gas flow. At least one of the valve rotor and the valve chamber comprises a protrusion and the other comprises a recess, wherein, in the first position, the protrusion and recess are spaced from one another, and, in the second position the recess receives the protrusion such that gas flow between the protrusion and recess is substantially prevented.

A cylinder head assembly for an internal combustion engine includes a cast cylinder head and a turbocharger housing integrally cast with the cylinder head and having an integrally cast wastegate housing. The turbocharger housing is configured to receive a turbocharger cartridge rotatably supporting a shaft coupled between a compressor wheel and a turbine wheel. The integrally cast wastegate housing defines a wastegate chamber configured to receive a wastegate valve, a flow of exhaust gas from the turbine wheel, and a flow of wastegate exhaust gas.

Methods and systems are provided for maintaining a temperature of exhaust gases of an engine within a temperature range at which catalytic conversion is most efficient. In one example, a method for controlling a temperature of exhaust gases entering a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system for an engine comprises delivering pressurized air into the exhaust gases upstream of the SCR system, the pressurized air cooled by an air cooler; and adjusting a degree of pressurization by adjusting operation of a turbocharger pressurizing the pressurized air. In one embodiment, the air cooler may be a charge air cooler of a primary turbocharger of the engine, which may flow pressurized air both to the engine and to the SCR system. In other embodiments, the air may be pressurized by an air pump or a secondary dilution turbocharger, and cooled by a secondary charge air cooler.

Methods and systems of controlling operation of a dual fuel engine are provided, comprising determining a target exhaust temperature, sensing an actual exhaust temperature, determining an exhaust temperature deviation by comparing the actual exhaust temperature to the target exhaust temperature, comparing the exhaust temperature deviation to a threshold, adjusting at least one of an intake throttle, a wastegate, a compressor bypass valve, an exhaust throttle, a VGT and engine valve timing when the exhaust temperature deviation exceeds the threshold to control charge-flow to the engine, and continuing the adjusting until the exhaust temperature deviation is less than the threshold.

The disclosure relates to a supercharged, direct-injection internal combustion engine having an intake system for the supply of charge air and having an exhaust-gas discharge system for the discharge of exhaust gas and having at least two series-connected exhaust-gas turbochargers which each comprise a turbine arranged in the exhaust-gas discharge system and a compressor arranged in the intake system and of which a first exhaust-gas turbocharger serves as a low-pressure stage and a second exhaust-gas turbocharger serves as a high-pressure stage, a first bypass line being provided which branches off from the exhaust-gas discharge system between the first turbine and the second turbine so as to form a first junction point.

A wastegate valve for a bypass path for a turbocharger in an internal combustion engine, the wastegate valve comprises a valve seat defining a plane which is non-orthogonal to the principal flow axis for gases flowing along the bypass path and a valve member pivotable from an open position to a closed position, wherein in the closed position the valve member is seated on the valve seat, and in a fully open position the valve member is positioned to direct gases exiting the bypass path onto a leading face of a catalytic converter monolith for heating the monolith.

Methods and systems using model based and iterative calculations of mass flow throughout an internal combustion engine system. A secondary air injection valve is provided to selectively allow intake air to pass to the exhaust side of the engine system to aid in exothermic reaction with exhaust gasses exiting the engine for various purposes. The iterative calculations of mass flow include estimation of the mass flow through the secondary air injection valve.

A turbocharger includes a turbine housing. The turbine housing includes a turbine inlet wall defining an inlet passage, an exducer shroud wall defining an exducer interior, a turbine outlet wall defining an outlet passage, a wastegate port wall defining a wastegate channel, and a bushing wall coupled to the wastegate port wall and defining a bushing boss extending along a bushing axis, and a valve seat disposed about the wastegate channel. The turbocharger also includes a wastegate assembly. The wastegate assembly includes a valve element engageable with the valve seat. The wastegate port wall is disposed outside of the exducer interior such that the wastegate port wall and the bushing wall are configured to be thermally decoupled from the turbine inlet wall and such that relative displacement between the valve seat and the bushing axis is reduced during operation of the turbocharger.