A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

An air intake apparatus for a combustion engine includes an air intake tube for receiving an unmodified ambient air stream from outside the engine. The apparatus includes a first stream modifier chamber for receiving the unmodified ambient air stream that includes a plurality of spark plugs operative to generate nitric oxide when electrically energized such that the unmodified ambient air stream is modified into a first modified air stream rich in nitric oxide. The apparatus includes a second stream modifier chamber positioned downstream from the first and including a GMX400 magnet in magnetic communication with the air intake tube that causes additional oxygen atoms from the first modified air stream to combine with the first modified air stream. The enhanced air stream travels downstream and is combined with fuel and combusted, an exhaust stream thereof having at least 20% less carbon dioxide than a traditional exhaust stream.

An air intake apparatus for a combustion engine includes an air intake tube for receiving an unmodified ambient air stream from outside the engine. The apparatus includes a first stream modifier chamber for receiving the unmodified ambient air stream that includes a plurality of spark plugs operative to generate nitric oxide when electrically energized such that the unmodified ambient air stream is modified into a first modified air stream rich in nitric oxide. The apparatus includes a second stream modifier chamber positioned downstream from the first and including a GMX400 magnet in magnetic communication with the air intake tube that causes additional oxygen atoms from the first modified air stream to combine with the first modified air stream. The enhanced air stream travels downstream and is combined with fuel and combusted, an exhaust stream thereof having at least 20% less carbon dioxide than a traditional exhaust stream.

An internal combustion engine includes: at least one magnet (10) inserted into at least one immersion container (8) present in the fuel tank (3), at least one magnet (20) applied on the cooling duct; at least one pair of magnets (30) arranged on the fuel duct, the fuel duct defining a coil; at least one pair of magnets (40) applied on the air suction pipe; and at least one pair of magnets (50) applied on the fuel filter, the magnets (10), (20), (30), (40) and (50) being permanent magnets including rare earth elements. The internal combustion engine includes at least one metal sheet (1) including paramagnetic and/or ferromagnetic elements applied on at least one portion of at least one internal surface (2) of the tank (3).

Disclosed is a combustion engine, that includes a first, fixed stator portion (100) and a second, mobile rotor portion (110), and wherein at least the first, fixed stator portion (110) identifies an air intake pipe (140) and wherein the second, mobile rotor portion (110) is positioned inside the first, fixed stator portion (100); the first and the second portion (100, 110) include magnetic element (200) which are configured to magnetize the air admitted in the intake pipe (140) with a first polarization; the combustion engine further including at least one fuel intake pipe, which in turn is physically associated with magnetic element which are configured to magnetize the fuel with a second polarization which is different from the first polarization.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

A split cycle internal combustion engine comprising a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston; a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston; a crossover passage between the compression cylinder and the combustion cylinder arranged to provide working fluid to the combustion cylinder; a controller arranged to determine a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder based on a received indication of a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder; and a coolant system arranged to regulate a temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder; wherein, in response to determining that the peak temperature of combustion exceeds a selected threshold, the controller is configured to control the coolant system to regulate the temperature of the working fluid supplied to the combustion cylinder so that a peak temperature of combustion in the combustion cylinder is less than the selected threshold.

The device for reducing the fuel consumption of a heat engine, in particular of a motor vehicle, includes a substantially tubular induction member mounted around a pipe which carries the fuel, in order to create an electromagnetic field therein from an AC current received from an electric power source. The induction member includes a sleeve arranged to hold a winding of wire connected to an electric power source. The sleeve is housed in a tubular shell ensuring that the device complies with electromagnetic compatibility standards.

An electrochemical power system is provided that generates an electromotive force (EMF) from the catalytic reaction of hydrogen to lower energy (hydrino) states providing direct conversion of the energy released from the hydrino reaction into electricity, the system comprising at least two components chosen from: H.sub.2O catalyst or a source of H.sub.2O catalyst; atomic hydrogen or a source of atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the H.sub.2O catalyst or source of H.sub.2O catalyst and atomic hydrogen or source of atomic hydrogen; and one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen. The electrochemical power system for forming hydrinos and electricity can further comprise a cathode, an anode, reactants that constitute hydrino reactants during cell operation with separate electron flow and ion mass transport, a source of oxygen, and a source of hydrogen. Due to oxidation-reduction electrode reactions, the hydrino-producing reaction mixture is constituted with the migration of electrons through an external circuit and ion mass transport through a separate path such as the electrolyte to complete an electrical circuit. In an embodiment, the anode is regenerated by intermittent charging with the electrodeposition of the anode metal ion from the electrolyte to the anode wherein an anion exchange with the anode metal oxide provides a thermodynamically favorable cycle to facilitate the electrodeposition. A solid fuel power source that provides at least one of thermal and electrical power such as direct electricity or thermal to electricity is further provided that powers a power system comprising (i) at least one reaction cell for the catalysis of atomic hydrogen to form hydrinos, (ii) a chemical fuel mixture comprising at least two components chosen from: a source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst; a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; reactants to form the source of H.sub.2O catalyst or H.sub.2O catalyst and a source of atomic hydrogen or atomic hydrogen; one or more reactants to initiate the catalysis of atomic hydrogen; and a material to cause the solid fuel to be highly conductive, (iii) at least one set of electrodes that confine the fuel and an electrical power source that provides a short burst of low-voltage, high-current electrical energy to initiate rapid kinetics of the hydrino reaction and an energy gain due to forming hydrinos, (iv) a product recovery systems such as a condenser, (v) a reloading system, (vi) at least one of hydration, thermal, chemical, and electrochemical systems to regenerate the fuel from the reaction products, (vii) a heat sink that accepts the heat from the power-producing reactions, (viii) a