A method for heating an exhaust gas aftertreatment component in an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine. At the combustion chamber, a fuel injector for injecting a fuel into the combustion chamber and a spark plug for igniting a flammable fuel-air mixture are arranged. The internal combustion engine has a valve lift curve switching mechanism, which allows for a shift and/or change of the opening times of the exhaust valve. The method includes: intake of fresh air into the combustion chamber, injection of a fuel into the combustion chamber, ignition of an ignitable fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber when the piston is in a range of 10° KW to 30° KW after the upper ignition dead point, and opening of the exhaust valve when the piston is in a range of 55° KW to 95° KW after the upper ignition dead point.

Methods and systems are provided for engine braking in a vehicle. In one example, a method may include deactivating fueling to at least one cylinder of an engine, increasing an air mass provided to the engine via an electric boosting device, and adjusting an exhaust valve opening timing of the at least one cylinder in response to a request for engine braking. In this way, an amount of engine braking torque may be increased with reduced wear to engine system components.

Disclosed is a four-stroke direct injection engine comprising a camshaft, and exhaust valve, and a control system. The control system is configured to change the timing of the camshaft to advance a closing of the exhaust valve, control a first fuel injection step during a compression stroke of the piston, control a second fuel injection step during a power stroke of the piston, and control a third fuel injection step, after the second fuel injection step, during the power stroke of the piston.

A method, apparatus, and system are disclosed for incrementally derating a torque applied by a drivetrain in response a number of traction control events detected by a traction control system over a predetermined time period.

A hybrid vehicle with four drive wheels having: an internal combustion heat engine, which transmits the motion to a first pair of drive wheels and has at least one cylinder provided with at least one intake valve and with an exhaust valve; a turbine, which is designed to be rotated by the exhaust gases; a first electric machine, which is designed to be rotated by the turbine so as to generate electrical energy; a second electric machine, which transmits the motion to a second pair of drive wheels; and a control unit, which is configured to cyclically determine an electric power to be necessarily generated and an electric power generated by the first electric machine and to adjust an opening advance of the exhaust valve depending on the difference between the electric power generated by the first electric machine and the electric power to be necessarily generated.

Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a location of a fuel injection in response to a substitution rate and a desired EGR flow. In one example, a method may include injecting a first fuel to a combustion chamber via a direct injector positioned to inject directly into the combustion chamber, injecting a second, different, fuel to the combustion chamber via an exhaust port injector positioned to inject toward an exhaust valve of the combustion chamber, and combusting the first and second fuels together in the combustion chamber.

Methods and systems are provided for adjusting a substitution ratio based on water in a combustion mixture of a multi-fuel engine. In one example, a method includes adjusting a substitution ratio in response to an amount of water provided to a multi-fuel engine configured to combust a first fuel and a second fuel, the second fuel different than the first fuel.

A control device for an engine is provided, which includes a combustion chamber formed by a cylinder and a piston, an intake air amount adjuster that adjusts an intake air amount supplied to the combustion chamber, a controller switchable of a combustion mode between a fuel-lean first combustion mode and a stoichiometric second combustion mode based on an engine operating state, and an intake air cooler that cools the intake air supplied to the combustion chamber. The controller controls the intake air cooler to start intake air cooling in response to a request for switching the combustion modes, and after the intake air cooling is started, controls the intake air amount adjuster to start the switching of the combustion modes, and then controls the intake air cooler and the intake air amount adjuster so that the switching of the combustion modes ends after the intake air cooling is finished.

A four-stroke internal combustion engine comprising an inlet cam configured to open and close an inlet valve, a No. 1 exhaust cam configured to open and close an exhaust valve, a No. 2 exhaust cam configured to open and close the same exhaust valve, wherein the No. 2 exhaust cam is angularly adjustable relative to the No. 1 exhaust cam in response to input from an operator, so that the No. 2 exhaust cam is able to be selectively engaged; wherein the No. 1 exhaust cam is configured to open and close the exhaust valve during the compression stroke, so that a selected quantity of air drawn in during the intake stroke is expelled during the compression stroke; and wherein the No. 2 exhaust cam is configured to optionally close the exhaust valve when engaged.

A split cycle internal combustion engine includes a combustion cylinder accommodating a combustion piston and a compression cylinder accommodating a compression piston. The engine also includes a controller arranged to receive an indication of a parameter associated with the combustion cylinder and/or a fluid associated therewith and to control an exhaust valve of the combustion cylinder in dependence on the indicated parameter to cause the exhaust valve to close during the return stroke of the combustion piston, before the combustion piston has reached its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is less than a target value for the parameter; and close on completion of the return stroke of the combustion piston, as the combustion piston reaches its top dead centre position (TDC), when the indicated parameter is equal to or greater than the target value for the parameter.