A powertrain control unit may be configured to control an engine and identify a first operating condition is expected to fulfill a demand for output with an exhaust stream having a first amount of a pollutant (e.g., NOx, particulate matter), and a second operating condition expected to fulfill the demand with an exhaust stream having a reduced amount of the pollutant as compared to the first amount. The powertrain control unit may receive duty cycle information to control the engine to fulfill the demand per the second operating condition, yielding the reduced amount of pollutant in the exhaust. Duty cycle information may include speed, location, position, rotation, temperature, and/or other information. A vehicle, backhoe, bulldozer, crane, and/or combine harvester may comprise the powertrain control unit and an engine and aftertreatment system. An exhaust aftertreatment system may be remotely activated, which may reduce warmup time associated with emissions mitigation.

A method and arrangement for ascertaining an amount of substance emitted as a result of the operation of a functional unit of a vehicle includes transmitting signals from a signal source, which are generated independently of the amount of substance to be ascertained, as input data, to a data processing apparatus. The data processing apparatus contains at least one neural network as a trained model for processing the input data. The method includes generating output data representing the emitted amount of substance in the data processing apparatus using the at least one neural network.

An engine system includes an engine with an intake manifold and an exhaust manifold, a turbocharger including a turbine in communication with the exhaust manifold and a compressor in communication with the intake manifold, and a regulator configured to control a flow of exhaust gas through the turbine. A controller of the engine system is operably connected with the regulator and is configured to monitor an engine load and an exhaust gas temperature during operation of the engine, identify a proscribed engine NOx emissions level based on the engine load and the exhaust gas temperature and, when the proscribed engine NOx emissions level is identified, modify the flow of exhaust gas through the turbine to reduce the energy extracted from the exhaust gas by the turbine and reduce a drive power provided to the compressor, thereby reducing a flow of intake air provided to the intake manifold by the compressor.

An engine system incorporating an engine, one or more sensors, and a controller. The controller may be connected to the one or more sensors and the engine. The one or more sensors may be configured to sense one or more parameters related to operation of the engine. The controller may incorporate an air-path state estimator configured to estimate one or more air-path state parameters in the engine based on values of one or more parameters sensed by the sensors. The controller may have an on-line and an off-line portion, where the on-line portion may incorporate the air-path state estimator and the off-line portion may configure and/or calibrate a model for the air-path state estimator.

A method and system for generating a design of a product is provided. The method includes obtaining a model of the product. The model is associated with a design of the product. The method includes simulating a model of the product with respect to an environmental sustainability of the product. The method includes generating simulation results indicative of behavior of the model with respect to the environmental sustainability. The simulation results comprise an environmental sustainability index of the product. The method includes determining whether the environmental sustainability index of the product satisfies an environmental sustainability threshold value. Further, the method includes generating a modified model of the product if the environmental sustainability index of the product satisfies the environmental sustainability threshold value.

The present disclosure describes an engine system that can achieve at least one of the followings: suppressing of generating of nitrogen oxides and suppressing of remaining of uncombusted hydrocarbons. The engine system has a combustion chamber to which air and a gas fuel are supplied, and is configured to combust the gas fuel. The engine system includes a liquid fuel injecting unit, and a control unit. The liquid fuel injecting unit is configured to inject a liquid fuel thereby to ignite the gas fuel. The control unit is configured to control the liquid fuel injecting unit. The control unit is configured to control the liquid fuel injecting unit so that injection of the liquid fuel is performed after a flame propagation after ignition of the gas fuel is ended.

Methods and systems for monitoring a NOx sensor for a NOx offset value are described. In one example, the NOx offset value may be based on a minimum NOx concentration observed over an entire drive of a vehicle. The NOx offset monitor may be inhibited in response to inferring or detecting a presence of NH.sub.3 in an exhaust system.

This disclosure provides a system and method for controlling internal combustion engine system to reduce operation variations among plural engines. The system and method utilizes single-input-single-output (SISO) control in which a single operating parameter lever is selected from among exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) fraction and charge air mass flow (MCF), and a stored reference value associated with the selected lever is adjusted for an operating point in accordance with a difference between a measured emissions characteristic and a pre-calibrated reference value of the emissions characteristic for that operating point. Adjusting the selected operating parameter lever towards the theoretical pre-calibrated reference value of the operating parameter lever for each of plural operating points can reduce engine-to-engine variations in engine out emissions.

A method of operating an engine is provided. The method includes determining a temperature and a pressure of intake air, and a temperature and a pressure of exhaust generated by the engine. The method includes determining a work performed by the engine based at least on an engine speed of the engine, and determining heating losses of the engine. The method includes determining an enthalpy of the intake air based at least on the work, the heating losses, a heating value of a fuel used for combustion within the engine, and the temperature and the pressure of the exhaust. The method includes determining a humidity value of the intake air based on the enthalpy, temperature and pressure of the intake air and determining an amount of NOx based on the humidity value. The method further includes controlling an operation of the engine based on the determined amount of NOx.

A method comprising adjusting a fuel injection amount based on a fractional oxidation state of a catalyst, the fractional oxidation state based on reaction rates of grouped oxidant and reductant exhaust gas species throughout a catalyst and a low-dimensional physics-based model derived from a detailed two-dimensional model to obtain a one-dimensional model averaged over time and space that accounts for diffusion limitations in the washcoat and accurately predicts emissions during cold start.