An injection device for an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine including a combustion chamber and at least one intake manifold, the injection device including a first injector for injecting a fuel directly into the combustion chamber, and the injection device including a second injector for injection into the intake manifold, wherein the second injector is configured to inject water.

Vehicle designers are largely walking away from internal-combustion engines to battery and electric motors. Until infrastructure is developed to support total electrification, hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) which include both an internal combustion engine and an electric machine are a step toward electrification and higher system fuel efficiency while retaining the expected vehicle range. To obtain even higher system fuel efficiency combustion modes that provide higher efficiency than spark-ignition (SI) operation can be used in HEVs. A problem with such combustion modes is that they cannot be used over as wide an operating range as SI operation and transitions among modes is slow and cumbersome. By having the ICE installed into a HEV be a multi-combustion mode engine and having the EM to coordinate mode switches to be smooth, the high fuel-efficiency of alternative combustion modes can be exploited while providing smooth operation expected by vehicle users.

Engine combustion mode-switching transitions are controlled through a coordination control of an electric machine and a multi-combustion mode engine coupled to each other with a hybrid propulsion system by following predetermined combustion mode-switching strategies and control algorithms.

An engine system is provided, including a controller which controls devices of an engine at a given engine speed so that, when a demanded engine load is a first load, a mass ratio (G/F) of intake air inside a cylinder (containing fresh air and burnt gas) to fuel is a first G/F and mixture gas inside the cylinder combusts by flame-propagation, when the demanded load is a second load (<the first load), the G/F is a second G/F (>the first G/F) and an injection center-of-gravity is at a timing such that the entire mixture gas combusts by CI combustion, and when the demanded load is between the first and second loads, the G/F is at a third G/F (between the first and second G/Fs) and the injection center-of-gravity is at a later timing such that at least part of the mixture gas combusts by the CI combustion.

Methods and systems are provided for an engine for adjusting cylinder parameter settings to optimize engine output during a transient mode. In one example, a method may include adjusting cylinder parameter settings, including a cam timing setting, a spark timing setting, and a fuel injection timing setting based on a chamber temperature in response to a rate of fuel injection acceleration being greater than a positive threshold, thus indicating the engine is in the transient mode.

An internal combustion engine system for a vehicle includes an internal combustion engine, ICE, operable on a low cetane fuel and having a cylinder at least partly defining a combustion chamber and an ignition source for the low cetane fuel; a fuel injector for injecting the low cetane fuel into the combustion chamber; an ignition improver device in fluid communication with the fuel injector and further configured to supply an ignition improver fluid to the low cetane fuel; a control unit configured to selectively operate the ICE in a spark ignition, SI, mode and a compression ignition, CI, mode. The control unit determines an ICE operating condition and controls the ignition improver device to supply a given amount of ignition improver fluid to the low cetane fuel on the basis of said determined ICE operating condition.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling a vehicle engine to deliver desired torque to a power take off device coupled to the engine. In one example, the method may include, learning a filtered PTO torque demand during vehicle acceleration, and steady state operation, and during transition in engine states using the learned PTO torque demand to adjust engine speed in order to deliver a desired engine torque output for optimal operation of the PTO device.

Emission targets, such as NOx levels, for gaseous fuelled internal combustion engines that burn a gaseous fuel in a diffusion combustion mode are increasingly more challenging to achieve. A method of fuel injection for an internal combustion engine fuelled with a gaseous fuel comprises introducing a first amount of pilot fuel in a first stage of fuel injection; introducing a first amount of main fuel (the gaseous fuel) in a second stage of fuel injection; and introducing a second amount of main fuel in a third stage of fuel injection. The first and second amounts of main fuel contribute to load and speed demand of the internal combustion engine. Engine maps calibrated for different engine performance can be employed in different regions of the load and speed range of the engine. The engine maps are blended when the engine transitions between two regions; and momentary excursions into different regions do not change the engine calibration.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders operable by a valve actuation mechanism. A cylinder deactivation operation is modified in response to determining a cyclical operation mode of the engine.

A diagnostic device incorporates a processor and a memory and diagnoses a failure related to a fuel injection system for an engine whose air-fuel ratio of is feedback-controlled. The diagnostic device includes a calculation unit which calculates a corrected value of a fuel injection amount according to a difference between a target value and a measured value of the air-fuel ratio. The diagnostic device includes a setting unit which sets a mask period in which a failure diagnosis is suspended, according to the corrected value upon switchover of a fuel injection mode. The diagnostic device includes a diagnostic unit which does not carry out the diagnosis in the mask period and carries out the diagnosis outside the mask period.