Implementations are disclosed herein that relate to a cylinder occupying structure. An example provides a cylinder system comprising a mechanical cylinder including an internal space in which a fluid is introduced, and a piston configured for reciprocating motion in the internal space, and a cylinder occupying structure including an insertion rod acting as a second piston, wherein the insertion rod is variably inserted into, and retracted from, the internal space of the cylinder in correspondence with the reciprocating motion of the piston and where parts of the insertion rod and the piston may surround the combustion space, and where fluid compression and fluid combustion is conducted within separate spaces.

An enhanced piston for improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a combustion chamber and a lower cylinder portion. A cylinder head is disposed on the cylinder. An enhanced piston is moveably disposed within the cylinder and is connected to a piston rod. The enhanced piston has a piston cavity. There is an upper piston valve connected to an upper piston valve rod. The upper piston valve is disposed within the piston cavity wherein the upper piston valve selectively seals said piston cavity from the combustion chamber. A piston cavity port is disposed on a bottom portion of the piston cavity and is selectively opened and closed with a lower piston valve. The lower piston valve seals the piston cavity port from the lower cylinder portion. This way the gases are selectively sealed in the piston cavity under pressure until released in the combustion chamber.

An enhanced piston for improving the efficiency of an internal combustion engine has a cylinder with a combustion chamber and a lower cylinder portion. A cylinder head is disposed on the cylinder. An enhanced piston is moveably disposed within the cylinder and is connected to a piston rod. The enhanced piston has a piston cavity. There is an upper piston valve connected to an upper piston valve rod. The upper piston valve is disposed within the piston cavity wherein the upper piston valve selectively seals said piston cavity from the combustion chamber. A piston cavity port is disposed on a bottom portion of the piston cavity and is selectively opened and closed with a lower piston valve. The lower piston valve seals the piston cavity port from the lower cylinder portion. This way the gases are selectively sealed in the piston cavity under pressure until released in the combustion chamber.

Implementations are disclosed herein that relate to a cylinder occupying structure. An example provides a cylinder system comprising a mechanical cylinder including an internal space in which a fluid is introduced, and a piston configured for reciprocating motion in the internal space, and a cylinder occupying structure including an insertion rod acting as a second piston, wherein the insertion rod is variably inserted into, and retracted from, the internal space of the cylinder in correspondence with the reciprocating motion of the piston and where parts of the insertion rod and the piston may surround the combustion space.

Implementations are disclosed herein that relate to a cylinder occupying structure. An example provides a cylinder system comprising a mechanical cylinder including an internal space in which a fluid is introduced, and a piston configured for reciprocating motion in the internal space, and a cylinder occupying structure including an insertion rod acting as a second piston, wherein the insertion rod is variably inserted into, and retracted from, the internal space of the cylinder in correspondence with the reciprocating motion of the piston and where parts of the insertion rod and the piston may surround the combustion space.

A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston body. The piston body includes a head, two side walls, two skirts, and a reinforcement member. The head includes a recessed crown. Each side wall includes a pin boss configured to support a piston pin. The two skirts are respectively located at a thrust side with respect to an axis of the piston pin and an anti-thrust side with respect to the axis of the piston pin. The reinforcement member includes two legs and a connecting portion connecting upper ends of the two legs. The two legs are respectively insert-casted in the two skirts. The connecting portion is insert-casted in the head.