An intake manifold provided in an internal combustion engine to be mounted in a vehicle includes: a plurality of intake-air branch pipes; an EGR chamber configured such that EGR gas is introduced into the EGR chamber; and a plurality of EGR ports communicating the plurality of intake-air branch pipes with the EGR chamber. A chamber bottom face is provided with a plurality of recessed zones so as to correspond to the plurality of EGR ports, each of the plurality of recessed zones is provided near an opening of its corresponding EGR port on an chamber side, and all planes constituting the each of the plurality of recessed zones is configured to be inclined so as to be placed on a mounting lower side toward a position closer to the opening, as compared with a position away from the opening.

A method for reducing NOx emissions during operation of an internal combustion engine in commerce which, when burning hydrocarbon fuel as a primary fuel, in the absence of any secondary fuel, has a characteristic stoichiometric ration. The method includes the following: in the absence of electrolytic activity, providing and entraining a quenching species in a gaseous medium and then interacting the quenching species with constituents present during oxidation of the primary fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine.

A method for reducing NOx emissions during operation of an internal combustion engine in commerce which, when burning hydrocarbon fuel as a primary fuel, in the absence of any secondary fuel, has a characteristic stoichiometric ration. The method includes the following: in the absence of electrolytic activity, providing and entraining a quenching species in a gaseous medium and then interacting the quenching species with constituents present during oxidation of the primary fuel in a combustion chamber of the engine.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and controlling a device to reduce the pressure in an exhaust gas recirculation loop in response to a pressure condition exceeding a threshold.

Systems, apparatus, and methods are disclosed that include an internal combustion engine having a plurality of cylinders and controlling a device to reduce the pressure in an exhaust gas recirculation loop in response to a pressure condition exceeding a threshold.

An embodiment apparatus for reducing fouling of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler includes an exhaust gas transfer part configured to connect a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) of an exhaust gas post-treatment system extending from an engine through an exhaust line to an EGR cooler installed in an EGR line and configured to recirculate exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust manifold to an intake manifold, a valve installed in the exhaust gas transfer part, and a controller configured to selectively open the valve as the exhaust gas post-treatment system enters a predetermined diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration condition and allow exhaust gas discharged from the DOC to be supplied to the EGR cooler through the exhaust gas transfer part.

An embodiment apparatus for reducing fouling of an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooler includes an exhaust gas transfer part configured to connect a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) of an exhaust gas post-treatment system extending from an engine through an exhaust line to an EGR cooler installed in an EGR line and configured to recirculate exhaust gas discharged from an exhaust manifold to an intake manifold, a valve installed in the exhaust gas transfer part, and a controller configured to selectively open the valve as the exhaust gas post-treatment system enters a predetermined diesel particulate filter (DPF) regeneration condition and allow exhaust gas discharged from the DOC to be supplied to the EGR cooler through the exhaust gas transfer part.

An asymmetric double-entry turbine is provided with a turbine housing that includes a first volute, a second volute and a turbine receiving bore. The first volute has a first exhaust gas inlet and a first exhaust gas outlet. The second volute has a second exhaust gas inlet and a second exhaust gas outlet. The turbine receiving bore is in fluid communication with the first exhaust gas outlet and the second exhaust gas outlet for conducting a flow of exhaust gas from the first exhaust gas outlet and the second exhaust gas outlet out in an axial direction. The first exhaust gas outlet has an angular opening amount of more than 180 degrees around the turbine receiving bore. The second exhaust gas outlet has an angular opening amount of less than 180 degrees around the turbine receiving bore.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling a temperature of gases within a heat exchanger, a ratio of gases output by the heat exchanger, and selectively charging/discharging gases from the heat exchanger to one or both of an intake system or an exhaust system. In one example, a method may include controlling operation of an energy recovery device coupled to the heat exchanger in response to engine operating conditions, and increasing or decreasing flow of exhaust gas and/or compressed intake air into the heat exchanger in response to energy recovery device output.

Methods and systems are provided for controlling a temperature of gases within a heat exchanger, a ratio of gases output by the heat exchanger, and selectively charging/discharging gases from the heat exchanger to one or both of an intake system or an exhaust system. In one example, a method may include controlling operation of an energy recovery device coupled to the heat exchanger in response to engine operating conditions, and increasing or decreasing flow of exhaust gas and/or compressed intake air into the heat exchanger in response to energy recovery device output.