Disclosed are two system devices for stratified injecting the recirculated exhaust gas and high-specific-heat-capacity or inert gas for clean combustion of an internal combustion engine. The former is composed of an exhaust gas recirculation system, an injection system, and a power system. The latter is composed of four parts, and a high-specific-heat-capacity gas or inert gas channel is added. Injectors can be arranged at any position in the cylinder between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of a piston in a cylinder; 1-3 layers of injectors can be arranged; and 2-6 injectors can be arranged on each layer. Gas participating in combustion enters the cylinder from two intake channels, namely, a scavenging port of the internal combustion engine and the injectors; an in-cylinder swirl ratio can be remarkably increased through kinetic energy carried by the gas; and fuel-gas mixing is promoted, and the combustion rate is increased.

Disclosed are two system devices for stratified injecting the recirculated exhaust gas and high-specific-heat-capacity or inert gas for clean combustion of an internal combustion engine. The former is composed of an exhaust gas recirculation system, an injection system, and a power system. The latter is composed of four parts, and a high-specific-heat-capacity gas or inert gas channel is added. Injectors can be arranged at any position in the cylinder between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of a piston in a cylinder; 1-3 layers of injectors can be arranged; and 2-6 injectors can be arranged on each layer. Gas participating in combustion enters the cylinder from two intake channels, namely, a scavenging port of the internal combustion engine and the injectors; an in-cylinder swirl ratio can be remarkably increased through kinetic energy carried by the gas; and fuel-gas mixing is promoted, and the combustion rate is increased.

An apparatus for controlling an engine having a variable valve actuator include: an engine including a plurality of cylinders generating a driving torque by burning fuel, an intake valve selectively opened for supplying air and the fuel to the cylinders through an intake manifold, and an exhaust valve selectively opened for exhausting exhaust gas generated from the cylinders to an exhaust manifold; a variable valve actuator disposed in at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders and adjusting lift and duration of the intake valve or the exhaust valve; and a controller deactivating the at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders through the variable valve actuator according to a driving region of the engine, and recirculating the exhaust gas exhausted from the cylinders into the intake manifold through the deactivated cylinder.

An apparatus for controlling an engine having a variable valve actuator include: an engine including a plurality of cylinders generating a driving torque by burning fuel, an intake valve selectively opened for supplying air and the fuel to the cylinders through an intake manifold, and an exhaust valve selectively opened for exhausting exhaust gas generated from the cylinders to an exhaust manifold; a variable valve actuator disposed in at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders and adjusting lift and duration of the intake valve or the exhaust valve; and a controller deactivating the at least one cylinder of the plurality of cylinders through the variable valve actuator according to a driving region of the engine, and recirculating the exhaust gas exhausted from the cylinders into the intake manifold through the deactivated cylinder.

An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve provided incliningly with respect to an axial direction of the piston and configured to directly inject fuel into the cylinder. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder at least when the valve closes. When an engine load is below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close, and controls the fuel injection valve to inject fuel during an intake stroke. While the engine load is below the threshold, at a fixed engine speed, the controller controls to advance a fuel injection timing when the engine load is at a first load, compared with at a second load higher than the first load.

An engine system is provided, which includes an engine, a swirl control valve, and a controller. The engine includes a cylinder, a piston, and a fuel injection valve provided incliningly with respect to an axial direction of the piston and configured to directly inject fuel into the cylinder. The swirl control valve is provided inside an intake passage and generates a swirl flow inside the cylinder at least when the valve closes. When an engine load is below a given threshold, the controller controls the swirl control valve to close, and controls the fuel injection valve to inject fuel during an intake stroke. While the engine load is below the threshold, at a fixed engine speed, the controller controls to advance a fuel injection timing when the engine load is at a first load, compared with at a second load higher than the first load.

An internal combustion engine assembly is provided with a fuel tank for fuel including ethanol, and a reformer for steam reforming of ethanol that is with an outlet connected to a buffer tank. A first reformer supply duct extends from the fuel tank to the reformer via a fuel evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases, for supplying ethanol vapor to the reformer. A second reformer supply duct extends from a water reservoir to the reformer via a water evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases. The reformer is in heat exchanging contact with the catalytic converter and is adapted for reforming ethanol and water into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and for supplying the syngas via the outlet to the buffer tank. The reformer and the catalytic converter may form an integrated unit.

An internal combustion engine assembly is provided with a fuel tank for fuel including ethanol, and a reformer for steam reforming of ethanol that is with an outlet connected to a buffer tank. A first reformer supply duct extends from the fuel tank to the reformer via a fuel evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases, for supplying ethanol vapor to the reformer. A second reformer supply duct extends from a water reservoir to the reformer via a water evaporator that is in heat exchanging contact with the exhaust gases. The reformer is in heat exchanging contact with the catalytic converter and is adapted for reforming ethanol and water into syngas including carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and for supplying the syngas via the outlet to the buffer tank. The reformer and the catalytic converter may form an integrated unit.

A system includes an engine having a main combustion chamber and a prechamber containing a spark plug. The prechamber is in fluid communication with the main combustion chamber through at least one orifice. An engine intake line provides intake air to the engine. An engine exhaust line receives exhaust gases from the engine. An exhaust gas recirculation line transports a portion of the exhaust gases from the engine exhaust line to the engine intake line, forming an exhaust gas recirculation loop through the engine. The system includes a reformer having a reactor containing a catalyst-coated substrate. The reformer generates a gaseous reformate from a fuel. The system includes a prechamber feed line to transport a stream of the gaseous reformate from the reformer to the prechamber.

This air intake apparatus includes an air intake apparatus body including an intake air passage and an external gas passage portion provided as a structure separate from the air intake apparatus body inside the air intake apparatus body, the external gas passage portion through which external gas can be introduced into the intake air passage.