The invention relates to a heat exchanger unit for an exhaust gas system. The heat exchanger unit comprises an inlet for a fluid flow to enter the heat exchanger unit and an outlet for a fluid flow to exit the heat exchanger unit. The heat exchanger unit comprises a heat exchanger having a heat exchanger conduit passing through the heat exchanger and at least one bypass conduit bypassing the heat exchanger, wherein the at least one bypass conduit comprises a bypass core having a plurality of channels arranged longitudinally along the bypass conduit.

An engine includes an exhaust manifold, an intake manifold, and an EGR device configured to supply EGR gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold. A longitudinal direction of the EGR cooler is in an up-down direction of the engine in a used state. The exhaust manifold has an EGR pipe that is connected to an EGR cooler, and a part of the EGR pipe extends in left-and-right directions. The part of the EGR pipe is provided at a side where a flywheel housing is provided. An upper end of the EGR cooler has a supply port into which the EGR gas is supplied from the exhaust manifold. The part of the EGR pipe and the flywheel housing are located in an up-down directions.

An injection structure using integrated exhaust heat recovery system (EHRS) condensate, the structure including an integrated heat exchange part connected to an engine of a vehicle and branched from an exhaust outlet of an exhaust manifold to integrate exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and EHRS, a condensate circuit part extended from a rear end of the integrated heat exchange part to the engine of the vehicle and configured to move exhaust gas condensate, a three-phase valve configured to open and close so that a low-temperature coolant is selectively introduced into the integrated heat exchange part according to operating conditions, an EGR valve configured to open and close so that EGR gas with filtered condensate flows into the engine of the vehicle, a bypass valve fluidly connected to an exhaust muffler, and a controller configured to control opening and closing of the three-phase valve, the EGR valve, and the bypass valve according to the operating conditions.

An injection structure using integrated exhaust heat recovery system (EHRS) condensate, the structure including an integrated heat exchange part connected to an engine of a vehicle and branched from an exhaust outlet of an exhaust manifold to integrate exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and EHRS, a condensate circuit part extended from a rear end of the integrated heat exchange part to the engine of the vehicle and configured to move exhaust gas condensate, a three-phase valve configured to open and close so that a low-temperature coolant is selectively introduced into the integrated heat exchange part according to operating conditions, an EGR valve configured to open and close so that EGR gas with filtered condensate flows into the engine of the vehicle, a bypass valve fluidly connected to an exhaust muffler, and a controller configured to control opening and closing of the three-phase valve, the EGR valve, and the bypass valve according to the operating conditions.

One embodiment is a system comprising an internal combustion engine having one or more non-dedicated cylinders and one or more dedicated EGR cylinders configured to provide EGR to the engine via an EGR loop, a first spark plug coupled to each of the one or more non-dedicated cylinders, and a second spark plug coupled to each of the one or more dedicated EGR cylinders, wherein the second spark plug has a physical or dimensional characteristic that is different from the first spark plug. In certain forms each of the non-dedicated cylinders has only one of a first type of spark plug and each of the dedicated EGR cylinders has only one of a second type of spark plug. One or more of the characteristics that may vary between the first and second types of spark plugs include spark gap, electrode diameter, heat range, and ion sensing capability.

Catalytic coatings and techniques for applying the catalytic coatings may be utilized in connection with a number of engine system components including fuel injectors components, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve components, EGR cooler components, piston components, spark plugs, engine valves (intake valves and exhaust valves), engine valve seats, oxygen sensors, NOx sensors, and particulate sensors.

Catalytic coatings and techniques for applying the catalytic coatings may be utilized in connection with a number of engine system components including fuel injectors components, exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve components, EGR cooler components, piston components, spark plugs, engine valves (intake valves and exhaust valves), engine valve seats, oxygen sensors, NOx sensors, and particulate sensors.

An engine includes an exhaust manifold, an intake manifold, and an EGR device configured to supply EGR gas from the exhaust manifold to the intake manifold. An EGR cooler is provided at a side of the exhaust manifold, and a longitudinal direction of the EGR cooler is in an up-down direction of the engine in a used state.

A process for producing an amorphous ductile brazing foil is provided. According to one example embodiment, the method includes providing a molten mass, and rapidly solidifying the molten mass on a moving cooling surface with a cooling speed of more than approximately 10.sup.5° C./sec to produce an amorphous ductile brazing foil. A process for joining two or more parts is also provided. The process includes inserting a brazing foil between two or more parts to be joined, wherein the parts to be joined have a higher melting temperature than that the brazing foil to form a solder joint and the brazing foil comprises an amorphous, ductile Ni-based brazing foil; heating the solder joint to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the brazing foil to form a heated solder joint; and cooling the heated solder joint, thereby forming a brazed joint between the parts to be joined.

A process for producing an amorphous ductile brazing foil is provided. According to one example embodiment, the method includes providing a molten mass, and rapidly solidifying the molten mass on a moving cooling surface with a cooling speed of more than approximately 10.sup.5° C./sec to produce an amorphous ductile brazing foil. A process for joining two or more parts is also provided. The process includes inserting a brazing foil between two or more parts to be joined, wherein the parts to be joined have a higher melting temperature than that the brazing foil to form a solder joint and the brazing foil comprises an amorphous, ductile Ni-based brazing foil; heating the solder joint to a temperature above the liquidus temperature of the brazing foil to form a heated solder joint; and cooling the heated solder joint, thereby forming a brazed joint between the parts to be joined.