An ignition assembly configuration in piston engine with a main piston and an auxiliary piston, the ignition assembly is mounted on the cylinder wall and connects to the combustion chamber; the ignition assembly comprises an connection cut-out passage, an ignition device, or ignition device combined with a fuel injection nozzle, or an ignition device combined with a fuel injection nozzle and a pressure sensor passage. Wherein the auxiliary piston has a by-pass passage to keep the ignition assembly connected to the combustion chamber when the auxiliary piston moves down below the uppermost position of the main piston and blocks the ignition assembly cut-out passage; wherein the uppermost position of the ignition assembly is at or aligned with the uppermost position of the auxiliary piston in combustion stroke, the lowermost position of the ignition assembly is at or aligned with the uppermost position of the main piston. Fuel-water injection, multiple fuel injections and combustions can be easily practiced in the new configuration.

Disclosed is a reluctor plate controller that detects vacuum and pressures in the engine which are used to create digital motor control signals for controlling a reluctor plate actuator using a digital stepper motor, servo motor or a voice-coil actuator. The system can be programmed to create various desired responses that function to create better efficiency of an internal combustion engine, less pollution and/or greater engine output.

A system according to the principles of the present disclosure includes a first burn duration module and a spark control module. The first burn duration module determines a first duration of at least a portion of a fuel burn within a cylinder of an engine from a first time when a first predetermined percentage of a mass of fuel within the cylinder is burned to a second time when a second predetermined percentage of the fuel mass is burned. The spark control module controls a spark plug to adjust spark timing of the cylinder based on the first burn duration.

Disclosed is a reluctor plate controller that detects vacuum and pressures in the engine which are used to create digital motor control signals for controlling a reluctor plate actuator using a digital stepper motor, servo motor or a voice-coil actuator. The system can be programmed to create various desired responses that function to create better efficiency of an internal combustion engine, less pollution and/or greater engine output.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method of igniting an air/fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine includes receiving an air/fuel mixture into a pre-combustion chamber, the pre-combustion chamber enclosing a portion of an igniter, igniting the air/fuel mixture in in the pre-combustion chamber with the igniter to produce a flame, directing the flame to eject the pre-combustion chamber through a collection of passages in a wall of the pre-combustion chamber, toward a peripheral wall of a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, igniting, by the flame, air/fuel mixture in the main o combustion chamber adjacent the peripheral wall, and then igniting air/fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber in a central region of the main combustion chamber with a propagating flame front of the ignited air/fuel mixture or a portion of the directed flame adjacent the peripheral wall.

The subject matter of this specification can be embodied in, among other things, a method of igniting an air/fuel mixture in an internal combustion engine includes receiving an air/fuel mixture into a pre-combustion chamber, the pre-combustion chamber enclosing a portion of an igniter, igniting the air/fuel mixture in in the pre-combustion chamber with the igniter to produce a flame, directing the flame to eject the pre-combustion chamber through a collection of passages in a wall of the pre-combustion chamber, toward a peripheral wall of a main combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, igniting, by the flame, air/fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber adjacent the peripheral wall, and then igniting air/fuel mixture in the main combustion chamber in a central region of the main combustion chamber with a propagating flame front of the ignited air/fuel mixture or a portion of the directed flame adjacent the peripheral wall.

Provided is a control device for an internal combustion engine capable of estimating a compression ratio of the internal combustion engine at the time of fuel cut of the internal combustion engine and without being affected by an intake air amount and an intake air temperature. A compression ratio ε is calculated on the basis of a change of in-cylinder pressure P with respect to crank angle θ at timing when an in-cylinder volume change rate dV/dθ/V takes an extreme value or at timing from closing of an intake valve 109 to the start of ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.

Provided is a control device for an internal combustion engine capable of estimating a compression ratio of the internal combustion engine at the time of fuel cut of the internal combustion engine and without being affected by an intake air amount and an intake air temperature. A compression ratio ε is calculated on the basis of a change of in-cylinder pressure P with respect to crank angle θ at timing when an in-cylinder volume change rate dV/dθ/V takes an extreme value or at timing from closing of an intake valve 109 to the start of ignition of the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.

Provided is a control device of an internal combustion engine that reduces the number of times of discharge in multiple discharge by an ignition plug of the internal combustion engine and suppresses an error in fuel ignition by the ignition plug. The control device according to the present invention includes an ignition plug provided in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and an ignition control unit which has an ignition control function of controlling discharge (ignition) of the ignition plug and an ignition detection function of detecting ignition of an air-fuel mixture through ignition by the ignition plug. The ignition control unit is configured to stop ignition by the ignition plug on the basis of detection of ignition of the air-fuel mixture by the ignition plug.

Provided is a control device of an internal combustion engine that reduces the number of times of discharge in multiple discharge by an ignition plug of the internal combustion engine and suppresses an error in fuel ignition by the ignition plug. The control device according to the present invention includes an ignition plug provided in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine, and an ignition control unit which has an ignition control function of controlling discharge (ignition) of the ignition plug and an ignition detection function of detecting ignition of an air-fuel mixture through ignition by the ignition plug. The ignition control unit is configured to stop ignition by the ignition plug on the basis of detection of ignition of the air-fuel mixture by the ignition plug.