A hydraulic system for a working machine, the system comprising: an electric machine connected to a first hydraulic machine and to a second hydraulic machine via a common axle, an output side of the second hydraulic machine being connected to an input side of the first hydraulic machine, wherein the first hydraulic machine is a variable displacement hydraulic machine with unidirectional flow; at least one hydraulic consumer hydraulically coupled to an output side of the first hydraulic machine via a supply line and configured to be powered by the first hydraulic machine; a first return line hydraulically coupling the hydraulic consumer to the input side of the first hydraulic machine.

A time delay valve includes a switching valve that switches between a first position and a second position; an urging member that urges the switching valve toward the first position; a driving mechanism that urges the switching valve toward the second position located opposite the first position in the presence of the pressure of a pilot fluid being supplied: a pilot flow channel that introduces the pilot fluid to the driving mechanism; and a delaying mechanism that delays the switching timing of the switching valve. The delaying mechanism includes a first throttle valve provided on the pilot flow channel, a compensation mechanism that urges the switching valve toward the first position in the presence of the pressure of the pilot fluid being supplied, and a compensation flow channel that is branched from the pilot flow channel to introduce a portion of the pilot fluid to the compensation mechanism.

A bypass for an air dryer having an inlet, a prefiltration stage having a drain valve to purge contaminants, a pair of inlet valves in communication with the prefiltration stage to control the flow of compressed air through the desiccant towers, and an outlet coupled to the pair of desiccant towers. The bypass may be a bypass valve that is normally open to the outlet when the air dryer is unpowered and pilotable to be a closed to allow air to flow to the prefiltration stage when the air dryer is powered. The bypass may be a three-way valve that is normally coupled to the outlet and that may be piloted to connect to the prefiltration stage when the dryer is powered. The bypass may also be a check valve that opens in response to pressure in the inlet to allow compressed air to flow directly to the outlet.

A main flow path that introduces high-pressure air to an air cylinder, or discharges exhaust air therefrom, includes a sub flow path provided alongside the main flow path; an exhaust flow rate adjustment unit that suppresses the operation speed of the air cylinder by adjusting the flow rate of the exhaust air flowing through the sub flow path; and a switching valve that is connected between the air cylinder, the main flow path and the sub flow path, and that connects the main flow path and the sub flow path to the air cylinder in a switching manner. The switching valve is constituted by a spool valve.

A series train of symmetrical dual rod-end double-action hydraulic cylinders with a cross sectional area in a series of powers of 2. The cylinders have corresponding computer controlled valves. The cylinders are switchable into three states. One state of shortcutting 2 fluid ports, another state of driving towards each opposite direction of reciprocation and the third state of idling. In the cylinder train all same polarity ports of the valve assembly are connected by hoses or pipes to align towards the same orientation to enable synchronous reciprocal motion and train power output.

A control valve assembly for indirect pneumatic control and method for controlling a working fluid pressure, which enable precise, sensitive and speed-variable controlling. The assembly includes two valve units, a working fluid inlet, and a control fluid inlet. A working fluid channel connects the working fluid inlet through the two valve units to an outlet. A valve piston arranged within a valve cylinder of the valve units is movable between open and closed positions. A spring element biases the valve piston toward the closed position, and a control pressure chamber applies a control pressure counteracting the spring element's bias. When a control pressure is applied in the first chamber, the first valve piston is moved to the open position. Two opposite valve surfaces form a valve opening opened at varying widths when the valve piston is moved in the valve cylinder because of a changing control pressure, and the working pressure can be finely adjusted corresponding to the valve opening width depending on the control pressure.

A hydraulic unit includes a hydraulic circuit fluidly connected to a hydraulic actuator, and a control device to control the hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit includes a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic pump that supplies the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator from the hydraulic oil tank, a discharge flow path fluidly connecting a discharge side of the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic actuator, a valve that blocks a flow of the hydraulic oil in the discharge flow path, and a pressure sensor that detects a pressure of the hydraulic oil the discharge flow path. In a pressure holding state, when a rotational frequency of the hydraulic pump exceeds a predetermined first determination rotational frequency or when a discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump exceeds a predetermined first determination discharge flow rate, the control device determines that the hydraulic circuit is abnormal.

An air cylinder in which a flow rate controller is built in, has a head cover and a rod cover. A pilot air adjustment unit guides exhaust air to a switch valve of the flow rate controller as pilot air, and the switch valve is switched by an increase in the pressure of the pilot air.

A hydraulic unit includes a hydraulic circuit fluidly connected to a hydraulic actuator, and a control device to control the hydraulic circuit. The hydraulic circuit includes a hydraulic oil tank, a hydraulic pump that supplies the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic actuator from the hydraulic oil tank, a discharge flow path fluidly connecting a discharge side of the hydraulic pump to the hydraulic actuator, a valve that blocks a flow of the hydraulic oil in the discharge flow path, and a pressure sensor that detects a pressure of the hydraulic oil the discharge flow path. In a pressure holding state, when a rotational frequency of the hydraulic pump exceeds a predetermined first determination rotational frequency or when a discharge flow rate of the hydraulic pump exceeds a predetermined first determination discharge flow rate, the control device determines that the hydraulic circuit is abnormal.

The present invention provides a controller for a hydraulic apparatus. The controller is configured to determine (410) that a mode change criteria has been met for the hydraulic apparatus. In response to the determination, the controller is configured to control (420) a valve arrangement to change a first actuator chamber of a hydraulic actuator between being fluidly connected to a hydraulic machine and fluidly isolated from a second chamber of the hydraulic actuator, and being fluidly connected to both the second actuator chamber and the hydraulic machine. Further in response to the determination, the controller is configured to control (430) the hydraulic machine to change a flow rate of hydraulic fluid flowing through the hydraulic machine to regulate a movement of the hydraulic actuator during the control of the valve arrangement.