A fixed type constant velocity universal joint includes an outer joint member, an inner joint member, eight balls, and a cage. The fixed type constant velocity universal joint has a ball retaining mechanism. A ratio of an axial length from a joint center to an opening-side end surface of the outer joint member to a diameter of each of the balls is within a range of 0.35 to 0.52. A ratio of a width of the cage to the diameter of each of the balls is within a range of 1.63 to 1.80. The ball retaining mechanism includes a cylindrical shaft portion at an end portion of a shaft and an angle restriction stopper surface of the outer joint member.

coating film having excellent adhesion, even without the presence of a chemical conversion film treatment out as an undercoat and a metal automotive part having the coating film.

A powder is deposited by powder-coating onto the surface of a metal automotive part that has been quenched after simultaneously forging, and tempering the metal automotive part and bake-hardening the deposited powder to form a skin film on the surface of the metal automotive part. The surface of the metal automotive part before the powder is powder-coated thereon is a work-hardened material surface that has been not been subjected to a chemical conversion filming treatment.

A brake rotor, includes at least one friction element and one adapter element, wherein the brake rotor is configured to rotate about an axis of rotation, wherein the friction element has at least one friction surface and one connection region, wherein the adapter element has an installation region and a transfer region, wherein the installation region is configured for fixing the brake rotor to a hub, wherein the connection region indirectly or directly engages in positively locking fashion in a circumferential direction with the transfer region such that a torque about the axis of rotation can be transferred between the connection region and the transfer region from the friction element to the adapter element.

A constant velocity universal joint includes an inner ring and an outer ring. A cage is disposed between an outer spherical surface of the inner ring and an inner spherical surface of the outer ring, and has windows in which respective balls are received. The cage has ball contact surface areas with which the balls come into contact, and includes soft portions that are lower in hardness than the ball contact surface areas. The soft portions are formed by local heat treatment at portions of the windows that are kept out of contact with the balls or surface portions around the windows.

A method for producing friction discs for a, in particular radial, dual clutch, includes the following steps: providing a first disc ring with a first inner diameter, providing a second disc ring with a second outer diameter, wherein the second outer diameter is smaller than the first inner diameter, and processing the first disc ring and the second disc ring in a tool for producing the friction discs. The second disc ring is arranged within the first disc ring, and the second and the first disc rings are processed in the tool together.

A constant velocity joint includes an external joint part including internal ball tracks, an internal joint part including external ball tracks assigned to the internal ball tracks, and a ball cage holding balls. The external joint part is connectable to a connecting part and sealed by a closure cap on the side facing this connecting part. The internal joint part is an integral internal joint part connected permanently to a shaft piece, sealed on this side towards the external joint part by a flexible sealing element, hardened, and has a protruding welding attachment for an adapter on its free end. The welding attachment outer diameter is larger than the smallest integral internal joint part outer diameter. In a method, the sealing element is mounted over the integral internal joint part free end and connected to the external joint part, the adapter subsequently welded near the welding attachment.

A component of a brake for a vehicle, having a metallic base body with a surface provided with a coating which includes an intermediate layer lying on the base body and a covering layer lying on the intermediate layer. The covering layer is formed from a stainless steel matrix with hard material particles embedded therein. The hard material particles embedded in the stainless steel matrix have an average grain diameter of 10-125 μm and have a non-melted core region consisting of uninfluenced material of the hard material particles, which core region is surrounded at least in sections by a mixing zone formed from material of the stainless steel matrix and material of the respective hard material particle, via which mixing zone the hard material particles are in each case materially bonded to the stainless steel matrix. Also, a method by which a component coated in this way is produced.

Disclosed are a method of manufacturing cage for a constant velocity joint and a cage for a constant velocity joint manufactured using the same for providing a cage having improved hardness, strength, and elongation while having a structure with a uniform core part and surface and for ensuring economic feasibility by reducing manufacturing time. The method includes a cutting operation of forming a structure having an outer shape by cutting a cylindrical pipe, forming an outer circumference of the cut structure to have a curved surface thereon, performing a turning operation on a surface of the formed structure, a punching operation of forming a window in the surface of the structure on which the turning operation is performed, a broaching operation of processing an edge of the window formed via punching, and a heat treatment operation of fully hardening the completely broached cage via austempering.

A system and method for ceramic doping of carbon fiber materials is disclosed. A carbon fiber preform may be made of carbonized oxidized PAN fibers and may be placed in contact with a nanoparticle suspension having nanoparticles and a dispersion medium. The nanoparticles may impregnate the carbon fiber preform, causing it to become a doped carbon fiber preform. The doped carbon fiber preform may be densified. The doped carbon fiber preform may be densified by conventional CVI processing techniques. The doped carbon fiber preform may be densified by thermal gradient CVI.

Disclosed herein are a tripod joint spider, a method of manufacturing the same, and an alloy steel of the tripod joint spider. The method comprises producing a primary molded article using the alloy steel, producing a secondary molded article, hardening the secondary molded article by means of induction hardening, and producing an end product.