Disclosed herein is a composite piston pin including a pipe-shaped outer layer made of reinforced fibers; an inner layer coupled to the outer layer along an inner surface of the outer layer, and made of reinforced fibers having lower elasticity than the outer layer; and a resin material including an epoxy resin composition and cyanate ester, and impregnated into the reinforced fibers of the outer layer and the inner layer.

Disclosed herein is a composite piston pin including a pipe-shaped outer layer made of reinforced fibers; an inner layer coupled to the outer layer along an inner surface of the outer layer, and made of reinforced fibers having lower elasticity than the outer layer; and a resin material including an epoxy resin composition and cyanate ester, and impregnated into the reinforced fibers of the outer layer and the inner layer.

A piston-crankshaft connector for an internal combustion engine can comprise a main connecting rod connected with its big end bore to a crankpin and at least one auxiliary connecting rod connected to off-axial surfaces made on the crankpin. On the piston side, the at least one auxiliary connecting rod can be attached to an upper crankpin nested within the main connecting rod, where the crankpin carries off-centred piston pin bore. Such construction can modify a piston pin bore distance relative to a main journal central axis during their rotation, which can improve the internal combustion stroke-to-stroke performance. A compression ratio can additionally or alternatively be adjusted by hydraulics acting on an entire segmented eccentric ring relative position within connecting rod bearing space via crankpin oil channels.

A piston-crankshaft connector for an internal combustion engine can comprise a main connecting rod connected with its big end bore to a crankpin and at least one auxiliary connecting rod connected to off-axial surfaces made on the crankpin. On the piston side, the at least one auxiliary connecting rod can be attached to an upper crankpin nested within the main connecting rod, where the crankpin carries off-centred piston pin bore. Such construction can modify a piston pin bore distance relative to a main journal central axis during their rotation, which can improve the internal combustion stroke-to-stroke performance. A compression ratio can additionally or alternatively be adjusted by hydraulics acting on an entire segmented eccentric ring relative position within connecting rod bearing space via crankpin oil channels.

Pistons and piston assemblies for an internal combustion engine is provided. The piston assembly includes a piston coupled to a connecting rod with a piston pin. The piston pin includes a non-circular outer cross-sectional shape.

A connecting rod assembly has a connecting rod with a large end and a small end, a piston wrist pin, and fasteners to connect the connecting rod to the piston wrist pin and optionally one or more shims in between the connecting rod and piston wrist pin. A notch on the wrist pin allows for the seating of a flat surface on the small end of the connecting rod in the connecting rod assembly. Side walls on both the notch and the small end of the connecting rod limit twist. The connecting rod assembly allows for the adjustment of piston location in a cylinder while limiting connecting rod twist.

The present invention relates to a mechanical system (1), comprising a bearing (4) and a shaft (10) coupled to the bearing (4), especially for an internal combustion engine, being subjected to average contact pressures of less than 200 MPa. The shaft (10) has at least one area (12) provided with an anti-seizing surface coating (20), having a surface hardness at least twice that of the bearing (4), and a microtexturation (30) comprised of a set of individual microcavities (31), distributed in said area (12). The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a mechanical system (1).

An integrally formed piston has a crown portion having an upper crown surface and an undercrown surface. A ring belt extends from the undercrown surface at a periphery thereof. The ring belt includes an uppermost ring land and at least one oil galley contoured to extend around at least two surfaces of the uppermost ring land. The oil galley has an opening at the undercrown surface for receiving a cooling fluid therein for cooling the uppermost ring land. A skirt extends from the undercrown surface and the ring belt and has a plurality of stiffening features arranged in a truss formation. At least one of the plurality of stiffening features has an I-beam cross-section and another of the plurality of stiffening features has a negative draft angle.

A cylinder device includes a piston and a piston rod disposed movably, and a movable body in which another end portion of the piston rod is inserted. The piston rod includes a first pin groove that extends along an axial direction and through which a support pin is inserted. The support pin is also inserted through second pin grooves formed in the movable body and having a substantially L-shaped cross section. Further, a link pin is inserted through a pin hole on the other end portion of the piston rod. The link pin is inserted through third pin grooves in the movable body which are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the movable body. In addition, under a moving action of the piston, the movable body is displaced linearly, and thereafter, is rotationally displaced by the link pin moving along the third pin grooves.

A cylinder device includes a piston and a piston rod disposed movably, and a movable body in which another end portion of the piston rod is inserted. The piston rod includes a first pin groove that extends along an axial direction and through which a support pin is inserted. The support pin is also inserted through second pin grooves formed in the movable body and having a substantially L-shaped cross section. Further, a link pin is inserted through a pin hole on the other end portion of the piston rod. The link pin is inserted through third pin grooves in the movable body which are inclined at a predetermined angle with respect to the axis of the movable body. In addition, under a moving action of the piston, the movable body is displaced linearly, and thereafter, is rotationally displaced by the link pin moving along the third pin grooves.