In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a ladder support operably coupled to the bracket.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a ladder support operably coupled to the bracket.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a ladder support operably coupled to the bracket.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a ladder support operably coupled to the bracket.

Systems and methods for sealing bolted flange joints to stop or prevent leakage are disclosed. The system includes a sealant injection nut. The sealant injection nut generally comprises a threaded nut configured to be threaded onto a stud bolt of a flange joint. The nut is configured to inject sealant into the internal passages of the flange joint. The nut includes a passageway drilled through the sidewall. Fitted to the passageway is a high-pressure sealant-compatible injection fitting and an internal check-valve. Provided within the central cavity of the nut, at the flange-facing end, is a groove that facilitates the flow of sealant injected through the passageway into the passages of the bolted flange. A method is also provided for manufacturing the sealant injection nut. A method is also provided for repairing leaking bolted flange joints using the sealant injection nut.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a walkway operably coupled to the bracket.

Systems and methods for sealing bolted flange joints to stop or prevent leakage are disclosed. The system includes a sealant injection nut. The sealant injection nut generally comprises a threaded nut configured to be threaded onto a stud bolt of a flange joint. The nut is configured to inject sealant into the internal passages of the flange joint. The nut includes a passageway drilled through the sidewall. Fitted to the passageway is a high-pressure sealant-compatible injection fitting and an internal check-valve. Provided within the central cavity of the nut, at the flange-facing end, is a groove that facilitates the flow of sealant injected through the passageway into the passages of the bolted flange. A method is also provided for manufacturing the sealant injection nut. A method is also provided for repairing leaking bolted flange joints using the sealant injection nut.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a walkway operably coupled to the bracket.

In some implementations, an apparatus includes a body, a receiver in contact with the body, at least one tensioner operable coupled to the receiver, and a strap further comprising a strong and flexible material, each end of the strap operably coupled to one of the at least one tensioner, the strap being in contact with the body.

In some implementations, an apparatus includes a container having an exterior surface, having an interior surface and having a defect, a gasket positioned over the defect in the container, the gasket having a length, a width and a depth, a rigid patch positioned over the gasket, a plurality of pairs of studs and nuts positioned near the outer perimeter of the rigid patch, the studs being friction welded to the exterior of the container.