A system and method is provided for transferring liquid argon from a bulk storage tank to a transport tank in which liquid argon is pumped through a tube arrangement within a heat exchanger and the tube arrangement is contacted by liquid nitrogen so that heat transfers from the liquid argon to the liquid nitrogen, thereby reducing the temperature, density and pressure of the liquid nitrogen prior to exiting the heat exchanger and flowing into the transport tank.

A compressed gas energy storage system may include an accumulator for containing a layer of compressed gas atop a layer of liquid. A gas conduit may have an upper end in communication with a gas compressor/expander subsystem and a lower end in communication with accumulator interior for conveying compressed gas into the compressed gas layer of the accumulator when in use. A shaft may have an interior for containing a quantity of a liquid and may be fluidly connectable to a liquid source/sink via a liquid supply conduit. A partition may cover may separate the accumulator interior from the shaft interior. An internal accumulator force may act on the inner surface of the partition and the liquid within the shaft may exert an external counter force on the outer surface of the partition, whereby a net force acting on the partition is less than the accumulator force.

Disclosed herein is a BOG reliquefaction system for LNG vessels. The BOG reliquefaction system includes a compressor compressing BOG, a heat exchanger cooling the compressed BOG by exchanging heat between the compressed BOG and BOG used as a refrigerant, and an expansion unit for expanding the BOG having been cooled by the heat exchanger, wherein the heat exchanger includes a core, in which heat exchange between a hot fluid and a cold fluid occurs, the core including a plurality of diffusion blocks, and a fluid diffusion member diffusing a fluid introduced into the core or a fluid discharged from the core.

In accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, a mobile machine includes a LNG fuel tank to provide natural gas to a natural gas engine, a pressure relief valve to relieve pressure to a relief vent line, and a liquid separation device. The liquid separation device includes a canister defining an interior space and having a top end and a bottom end, a LNG inlet configured to receive mixed phase fluid into the canister from the relief vent line, a separator disposed within the interior space and fluidly connected to the LNG inlet, the separator configured to direct condensed liquid to the bottom end and to pass vapor to the interior space, a vapor outlet disposed on the top end of the canister, and a liquid drain disposed on the bottom end of the canister.

An apparatus for depressurizing a pair of accumulators to provide high pressure gas includes a tank in fluid communication with each one of the pair of accumulators for receiving vapor from the pair of accumulators for storage and dispensing the vapor to a remote location other than the pair of accumulators and external atmosphere, a first fluid connection including a first valve assembly interconnecting the tank and a first accumulator of the pair of accumulators, a second fluid connection including a second valve assembly interconnecting the tank and a second accumulator of the pair of accumulators, wherein the first fluid connection with the first valve assembly and the second fluid connection with the second valve assembly are each constructed and arranged to deliver the vapor from a corresponding one of the first accumulator and the second accumulator to the tank during alternating intervals. A related method and system are also provided.

A compressed gas energy storage system may include an accumulator for containing a layer of compressed gas atop a layer of liquid. A gas conduit may have an upper end in communication with a gas compressor/expander subsystem and a lower end in communication with accumulator interior for conveying compressed gas into the compressed gas layer of the accumulator when in use. A shaft may have an interior for containing a quantity of a liquid and may be fluidly connectable to a liquid source/sink via a liquid supply conduit. A partition may cover may separate the accumulator interior from the shaft interior. An internal accumulator force may act on the inner surface of the partition and the liquid within the shaft may exert an external counter force on the outer surface of the partition, whereby a net force acting on the partition is less than the accumulator force.

The present invention relates to a gas storage apparatus and method, and more specifically to liquid air energy storage and its use to facilitate both Demand Side Reduction (DSR) and the use of reduced-cost electricity by industrial compressed-air users. A related electricity generating apparatus and method is also disclosed. The apparatus and method use a first sensible heat coolth store and second latent heat coolth store to first reduce the gas in temperature and then to change it into a liquid phase. Coolth top up devices are also disclosed.

To manage propellant in a spacecraft, the method of this disclosure includes storing propellant in a tank as a mixture of liquid and gas; transferring the propellant out of the tank; converting the mixture of liquid and gas propellant into a single phase, where the single phase is either liquid or gaseous; and supplying the single phase of the propellant to a thruster.

A cold storage material of an embodiment includes a rare earth oxysulfide containing at least one rare earth element selected from the group consisting of Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu, and a first group element of 0.001 atom % or more and 10 atom % or less, in which a maximum value of volume specific heat in a temperature range of 2 K or more and 10 K or less is 0.5 J/(cm.sup.3.Math.K) or more.

A compressed gas energy storage system may include an accumulator for containing a layer of compressed gas atop a layer of liquid. A gas conduit may have an upper end in communication with a gas compressor/expander subsystem and a lower end in communication with accumulator interior for conveying compressed gas into the compressed gas layer of the accumulator when in use. A shaft may have an interior for containing a quantity of a liquid and may be fluidly connectable to a liquid source/sink via a liquid supply conduit. A partition may cover may separate the accumulator interior from the shaft interior. An internal accumulator force may act on the inner surface of the partition and the liquid within the shaft may exert an external counter force on the outer surface of the partition, whereby a net force acting on the partition is less than the accumulator force.