Methods and systems are described for improving the efficiency and reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels produced from heavy oil extracted with the steam injection process, by replacing natural gas from fossil fuel sources with a substitute renewable gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials while co-producing a solid carbonaceous byproduct.

A system includes a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) having a plurality of evaporator sections. At least one evaporator section includes a forced circulation evaporator configured to generate a saturated steam, a once-through evaporator configured to generate a first superheated steam, and a first superheater configured to receive the saturated steam and the first superheated steam.

A system includes a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) having a plurality of evaporator sections. At least one evaporator section includes a forced circulation evaporator configured to generate a saturated steam, a once-through evaporator configured to generate a first superheated steam, and a first superheater configured to receive the saturated steam and the first superheated steam.

Methods and systems are described for improving the efficiency and reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels produced from heavy oil extracted with the steam injection process, by replacing natural gas from fossil fuel sources with a substitute renewable gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials while co-producing a solid carbonaceous byproduct.

Methods and systems are disclosed for improving the efficiency and reducing the carbon intensity of transportation fuels produced from heavy oil extracted with the steam injection process, by replacing natural gas from fossil fuel sources with a substitute renewable gas produced from solid carbonaceous materials while co-producing a solid carbonaceous byproduct.

The invention relates to a method for controlling ORC stacks with a total number n.sub.tot of individually operable ORC modules, said method comprising the following steps: determining the running time remaining until the next servicing time for each operable ORC module respectively; determining a target number n.sub.soll of ORC modules to be operated; comparing said target number n.sub.soll to an actual number n.sub.ist of currently operated ORC modules; when n.sub.soll>n.sub.ist, connecting a number n.sub.solln.sub.ist of ORC modules that corresponds to the difference between the target number and the actual number, where the ORC modules with the longest remaining running times of the ORC modules currently not being operated are connected; and/or when n.sub.soll<n.sub.ist, disconnecting a number n.sub.istn.sub.soll of ORC modules that corresponds to the difference between the actual number and the target number, where the ORC modules with the shortest remaining running times of the ORC modules currently being operated are disconnected; and/or when n.sub.soll=n.sub.ist, connecting the ORC module with the longest remaining running time t.sub.1 of the ORC modules not currently being operated, and disconnecting the ORC module with the shortest remaining running time t.sub.2 of the ORC modules currently being operated, if t.sub.1>t.sub.2.

The invention relates to a method for controlling ORC stacks with a total number n.sub.tot of individually operable ORC modules, said method comprising the following steps: determining the running time remaining until the next servicing time for each operable ORC module respectively; determining a target number n.sub.soll of ORC modules to be operated; comparing said target number n.sub.soll to an actual number n.sub.ist of currently operated ORC modules; when n.sub.soll>n.sub.ist, connecting a number n.sub.solln.sub.ist of ORC modules that corresponds to the difference between the target number and the actual number, where the ORC modules with the longest remaining running times of the ORC modules currently not being operated are connected; and/or when n.sub.soll<n.sub.ist, disconnecting a number n.sub.istn.sub.soll of ORC modules that corresponds to the difference between the actual number and the target number, where the ORC modules with the shortest remaining running times of the ORC modules currently being operated are disconnected; and/or when n.sub.soll=n.sub.ist, connecting the ORC module with the longest remaining running time t.sub.1 of the ORC modules not currently being operated, and disconnecting the ORC module with the shortest remaining running time t.sub.2 of the ORC modules currently being operated, if t.sub.1>t.sub.2.

A multistage boiler heat exchange apparatus has a combustion furnace and at least one boiler set. The combustion furnace is used to produce a heat source and has a furnace base and a hot-air passage. The at least one boiler set is connected to the combustion furnace, and each has a preheater and a boiler. The preheater is deposited adjacent to the combustion furnace, and is connected to and communicates with the hot-air passage to adjust temperature of the heat source that enters the preheater. The boiler is an uprightly-deposited cylinder, is connected to the preheater, and has a conducting pipe and an exchange tube. The conducting pipe is deposited on and communicates with the boiler to enable the heat source to enter the boiler. The exchange tube is deposited in the boiler and has an exchange medium to exchange heat with the heat source in the boiler.

A multistage boiler heat exchange apparatus has a combustion furnace and at least one boiler set. The combustion furnace is used to produce a heat source and has a furnace base and a hot-air passage. The at least one boiler set is connected to the combustion furnace, and each has a preheater and a boiler. The preheater is deposited adjacent to the combustion furnace, and is connected to and communicates with the hot-air passage to adjust temperature of the heat source that enters the preheater. The boiler is an uprightly-deposited cylinder, is connected to the preheater, and has a conducting pipe and an exchange tube. The conducting pipe is deposited on and communicates with the boiler to enable the heat source to enter the boiler. The exchange tube is deposited in the boiler and has an exchange medium to exchange heat with the heat source in the boiler.

A multistage boiler heat exchange apparatus has a combustion furnace and at least one boiler set. The combustion furnace is used to produce a heat source and has a furnace base and a hot-air passage. The at least one boiler set is connected to the combustion furnace, and each has a preheater and a boiler. The preheater is deposited adjacent to the combustion furnace, and is connected to and communicates with the hot-air passage to adjust temperature of the heat source that enters the preheater. The boiler is an uprightly-deposited cylinder, is connected to the preheater, and has a conducting pipe and an exchange tube. The conducting pipe is deposited on and communicates with the boiler to enable the heat source to enter the boiler. The exchange tube is deposited in the boiler and has an exchange medium to exchange heat with the heat source in the boiler.