A neutron absorbing insert for use in a fuel rack. In one aspect, the insert includes: a plate structure having a first wall and a second wall that is non-coplanar to the first wall; the first and second walls being formed by a single panel of a metal matrix composite having neutron absorbing particulate reinforcement that is bent into the non-coplanar arrangement along a crease; and a plurality of spaced-apart holes formed into the single panel along the crease prior to bending.

A neutron absorbing insert for use in a fuel rack. In one aspect, the insert includes: a plate structure having a first wall and a second wall that is non-coplanar to the first wall; the first and second walls being formed by a single panel of a metal matrix composite having neutron absorbing particulate reinforcement that is bent into the non-coplanar arrangement along a crease; and a plurality of spaced-apart holes formed into the single panel along the crease prior to bending.

A steam vaporizer assembly includes an internal steam generator having a vessel configured to hold water, a vaporizer unit having a heating element configured to heat the water to generate saturated steam; and a controller configured to: cause the heating element to heat the water to a stand-by temperature; and while maintaining a water level of the water in the vessel between two control points: maintain the water in the vessel at the stand-by temperature until steam generation is required, and when steam generation is required, heating the water in the vessel from the stand-by temperature to a temperature at or above a vaporization temperature of the water using a heating element, to generate the steam.

A steam vaporizer assembly includes an internal steam generator having a vessel configured to hold water, a vaporizer unit having a heating element configured to heat the water to generate saturated steam; and a controller configured to: cause the heating element to heat the water to a stand-by temperature; and while maintaining a water level of the water in the vessel between two control points: maintain the water in the vessel at the stand-by temperature until steam generation is required, and when steam generation is required, heating the water in the vessel from the stand-by temperature to a temperature at or above a vaporization temperature of the water using a heating element, to generate the steam.

A neutron absorbing insert for use in a fuel rack. In one aspect, the insert includes: a plate structure having a first wall and a second wall that is non-coplanar to the first wall; the first and second walls being formed by a single panel of a metal matrix composite having neutron absorbing particulate reinforcement that is bent into the non-coplanar arrangement along a crease; and a plurality of spaced-apart holes formed into the single panel along the crease prior to bending.

A neutron absorbing insert for use in a fuel rack. In one aspect, the insert includes: a plate structure having a first wall and a second wall that is non-coplanar to the first wall; the first and second walls being formed by a single panel of a metal matrix composite having neutron absorbing particulate reinforcement that is bent into the non-coplanar arrangement along a crease; and a plurality of spaced-apart holes formed into the single panel along the crease prior to bending.

A low-carbon energy utilization system for steam and power cogeneration of oil field is provided, which includes a first water pump device, a second water pump device, electric heating devices, a liquid mixer, a fossil-fuel steam injection boiler, a steam mixer, a super-heater, and a new energy generation station. The electric heating devices are connected to the first water pump device. The liquid mixer is connected to the second water pump device and the electric heating devices. The fossil-fuel steam injection boiler is connected to the liquid mixer. The steam mixer is connected to the electric heating devices and the fossil-fuel steam injection boiler. The super-heater is connected to the steam mixer. The new energy generation station is used for supplying power to the electric heating devices.

A low-carbon energy utilization system for steam and power cogeneration of oil field is provided, which includes a first water pump device, a second water pump device, electric heating devices, a liquid mixer, a fossil-fuel steam injection boiler, a steam mixer, a super-heater, and a new energy generation station. The electric heating devices are connected to the first water pump device. The liquid mixer is connected to the second water pump device and the electric heating devices. The fossil-fuel steam injection boiler is connected to the liquid mixer. The steam mixer is connected to the electric heating devices and the fossil-fuel steam injection boiler. The super-heater is connected to the steam mixer. The new energy generation station is used for supplying power to the electric heating devices.

In the method for conversion with recovery of energy carriers in a cyclical process of a thermal engine, a first recirculation cycle is formed involving gas generator, device for converting kinetic and thermal energy into mechanical energy, hydrogenation reactor, and gas generator. Water is evaporated in steam boilers, and steam is fed into turbine for converting steam energy into mechanical energy. In this process, steam boilers are located in gas generator and in hydrogenation reactor. The steam is carried onward from conversion device into condenser, and a second recirculation cycle is formed. Atmospheric oxygen from an air bubble is supplied to gas generator. The air is cooled, and cooling operation is repeated, until a maximum residual water content in the air of 0.2 g/m3 is attained. Formed condensate is collected and used steam boilers. Invention makes it possible to simplify process of recovering carbon oxides formed in thermal engines.

In the method for conversion with recovery of energy carriers in a cyclical process of a thermal engine, a first recirculation cycle is formed involving gas generator, device for converting kinetic and thermal energy into mechanical energy, hydrogenation reactor, and gas generator. Water is evaporated in steam boilers, and steam is fed into turbine for converting steam energy into mechanical energy. In this process, steam boilers are located in gas generator and in hydrogenation reactor. The steam is carried onward from conversion device into condenser, and a second recirculation cycle is formed. Atmospheric oxygen from an air bubble is supplied to gas generator. The air is cooled, and cooling operation is repeated, until a maximum residual water content in the air of 0.2 g/m3 is attained. Formed condensate is collected and used steam boilers. Invention makes it possible to simplify process of recovering carbon oxides formed in thermal engines.