A spraying and re-heating vapor reactor includes: a heat preservation boiler; a vapor reaction boiler disposed in the heat preservation boiler; a re-heating conduit communicating the vapor reaction boiler with a device outside the heat preservation boiler, a high heat capacity material being accommodated within the heat preservation boiler, and surrounding the vapor reaction boiler and the re-heating conduit; a heater heating the high heat capacity material; a sprayer disposed in the vapor reaction boiler; and a liquid supplying tube communicating with the sprayer through structure walls of the heat preservation boiler and the vapor reaction boiler, and supplying an external liquid to the sprayer. The sprayer atomizes the external liquid into an atomized liquid absorbing thermal energy from the high heat capacity material and becomes a low-temperature vapor entering the re-heating conduit and being re-heated into a high-temperature vapor. A generator apparatus is also provided.

The present invention provides a high efficiency prime mover with phase change energy storage for distributed generation and motor vehicle application. Phase change storage minimizes energy required for refrigerant liquefaction while reducing fuel consumption and emissions.

A spraying and re-heating vapor reactor includes: a heat preservation boiler; a vapor reaction boiler disposed in the heat preservation boiler; a re-heating conduit communicating the vapor reaction boiler with a device outside the heat preservation boiler, a high heat capacity material being accommodated within the heat preservation boiler, and surrounding the vapor reaction boiler and the re-heating conduit; a heater heating the high heat capacity material; a sprayer disposed in the vapor reaction boiler; and a liquid supplying tube communicating with the sprayer through structure walls of the heat preservation boiler and the vapor reaction boiler, and supplying an external liquid to the sprayer. The sprayer atomizes the external liquid into an atomized liquid absorbing thermal energy from the high heat capacity material and becomes a low-temperature vapor entering the re-heating conduit and being re-heated into a high-temperature vapor. A generator apparatus is also provided.

A method for generating a steam cycle at a pressure around 200 bars and a temperature around 600° C., using an industrial steam generator with a solar receiver admitting an incident solar flux around 600 kW/m.sup.2, includes: generating a water-steam mixture in the evaporator by transferring heat from the incident solar flux onto the evaporator; separating the water-steam mixture into saturated water and saturated steam in the separator drum, the saturated steam having a pressure from 160 to 200 bars and a temperature from 347 to 366° C.; injecting the feed water into the mixing drum, where it is mixed with the saturated water from the separator drum, the mixed water next returning toward the evaporator via the return pipe provided with the circulation pump, such that the temperature of the mixed water entering the evaporator is below the saturated steam temperature, by a value from 5 to 15° C.

A method for generating a steam cycle at a pressure around 200 bars and a temperature around 600° C., using an industrial steam generator with a solar receiver admitting an incident solar flux around 600 kW/m.sup.2, includes: generating a water-steam mixture in the evaporator by transferring heat from the incident solar flux onto the evaporator; separating the water-steam mixture into saturated water and saturated steam in the separator drum, the saturated steam having a pressure from 160 to 200 bars and a temperature from 347 to 366° C.; injecting the feed water into the mixing drum, where it is mixed with the saturated water from the separator drum, the mixed water next returning toward the evaporator via the return pipe provided with the circulation pump, such that the temperature of the mixed water entering the evaporator is below the saturated steam temperature, by a value from 5 to 15° C.

A process for enhancing boiling to generate steam and superheated-steam by using renewable energy from Concentrated Solar Power. Steam can generate electricity, heating and cooling, sterilization, and other processes and products. The embodiment is made of a light weight small assembly and rotates on the X and Y axis to align with the solar radiation. The assembly has a steam generation unit (28) with Fresnel lenses affixed to concentrate the solar radiation and generate heat. The focal point of the radiation being concentrated is directed to the inner side of a glass tube (30) covered with nanoparticles. The surface area being heated by the solar radiation is increased by the use of nano articles. Water atomization/aerosol unit (60) creates reduced size water droplets that are channeled to glass tube (30) and put into contact with the heated nanoparticles. The atomized/aerosol water droplets help reduce heat dissipation.

A process for enhancing boiling to generate steam and superheated-steam by using renewable energy from Concentrated Solar Power. Steam can generate electricity, heating and cooling, sterilization, and other processes and products. The embodiment is made of a light weight small assembly and rotates on the X and Y axis to align with the solar radiation. The assembly has a steam generation unit (28) with Fresnel lenses affixed to concentrate the solar radiation and generate heat. The focal point of the radiation being concentrated is directed to the inner side of a glass tube (30) covered with nanoparticles. The surface area being heated by the solar radiation is increased by the use of nano articles. Water atomization/aerosol unit (60) creates reduced size water droplets that are channeled to glass tube (30) and put into contact with the heated nanoparticles. The atomized/aerosol water droplets help reduce heat dissipation.

A modification of a power boiler is disclosed, which comprises water walls enclosing the furnace for heating water and producing steam; a superheater system provided above the furnace for superheating steam; an additional superheater mounted in the furnace for further superheating steam from the superheater system. A modifying method of a power boiler is also disclosed, which comprises steps of mounting an additional superheater on water walls in a furnace; connecting an output of a superheater system to an inlet of the additional superheater; and connecting an outlet of the additional superheater to a turbine for producing power at an improved plant heat rate.

A modification of a power boiler is disclosed, which comprises water walls enclosing the furnace for heating water and producing steam; a superheater system provided above the furnace for superheating steam; an additional superheater mounted in the furnace for further superheating steam from the superheater system. A modifying method of a power boiler is also disclosed, which comprises steps of mounting an additional superheater on water walls in a furnace; connecting an output of a superheater system to an inlet of the additional superheater; and connecting an outlet of the additional superheater to a turbine for producing power at an improved plant heat rate.

The time for steam generated in a low temperature heating device to reach a saturated steam temperature is reduced a low temperature heating device configured to heat supplied water by using heat of sunlight to generate steam; a steam separation device configured to separate two-phase water-steam fluid generated in the low temperature heating device into water and steam; and a high temperature heating device configured to heat the steam separated in the steam separation device by using heat of sunlight reflected by a plurality of heliostats to generate superheated steam.