A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

The method can include injecting fuel from a liquefied fuel source into a combustion chamber having a combustion path, by circulating the fuel out from an inlet conduit into an evaporator housing, along the evaporator housing in a direction opposite the combustion path and across an evaporator element receiving fuel in the liquid state and exposing a multiplied surface of the liquid fuel to heat from the combustion path to evaporate the liquid fuel, and conveying the evaporated fuel into the combustion chamber and into the combustion path.

The method can include injecting fuel from a liquefied fuel source into a combustion chamber having a combustion path, by circulating the fuel out from an inlet conduit into an evaporator housing, along the evaporator housing in a direction opposite the combustion path and across an evaporator element receiving fuel in the liquid state and exposing a multiplied surface of the liquid fuel to heat from the combustion path to evaporate the liquid fuel, and conveying the evaporated fuel into the combustion chamber and into the combustion path.

A torch ignitor system includes a torch wall defining a combustion chamber therein with a flame outlet passing out of the torch wall downstream of the combustion chamber. A fuel nozzle is mounted to the torch wall to issue fuel into the combustion chamber. An ignitor is mounted to the torch wall, extending into the combustion chamber to ignite fuel issued from the fuel nozzle. A cooling passage is in thermal communication with the ignitor for cooling the ignitor with fluid passing through the cooling passage.

The inventive concept relates to a swirler. According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided a swirler including a casing, a pilot body disposed in the casing, and a plurality of vanes arranged along a circumference of the pilot body, wherein at least a part of the vane protrudes further to a downstream than an end portion of the pilot body.

The inventive concept relates to a swirler. According to an aspect of the inventive concept, there is provided a swirler including a casing, a pilot body disposed in the casing, and a plurality of vanes arranged along a circumference of the pilot body, wherein at least a part of the vane protrudes further to a downstream than an end portion of the pilot body.

The leakage reduction system includes a heat exchanger, a duct arrangement and a separation arrangement. The heat exchanger includes a rotor assembly rotatably mounted along a rotor post. The heat exchanger further includes a second inlet plenum, whereat the duct arrangement is configured. Further, the separation arrangement is incorporated at the duct arrangement dividing thereto into primary and secondary inlets. Through the primary inlet, a flue gas enriched with Oxygen is carried, and through the secondary inlet a recycled flue gas flow is allowed to be carried, keeping the Oxygen enriched recycled flue gas flow substantially away from turnover towards the flue gas flow to avoid turnover towards a flue gas flow, reducing leakage thereof.

A gas turbine engine and a combustor are described herein. The combustor includes a fuel vaporizer coupled to a combustor wall, which extends into a combustion chamber. A fuel injector having a nozzle extends within a portion of the fuel vaporizer. A dome swirler is coupled to an upstream dome portion of the combustor wall. The swirler surrounds a heat shield, which may have a concaved body. The outlet end of the fuel vaporizer is disposed over the heat shield, which may be over the central zone of the heat shield, to face the heat shield. The fuel vaporizer may be coupled to the combustor wall and disposed outside the swirler. Fuel and air mixture exits the vaporizer and impinges against the heat shield and is then combined with the swirler air to become part of the primary zone recirculation.

A torch ignitor system includes a torch wall defining a combustion chamber therein with a flame outlet passing out of the torch wall downstream of the combustion chamber. A fuel nozzle is mounted to the torch wall to issue fuel into the combustion chamber. An ignitor is mounted to the torch wall, extending into the combustion chamber to ignite fuel issued from the fuel nozzle. A cooling passage is in thermal communication with the ignitor for cooling the ignitor with fluid passing through the cooling passage.

In one embodiment of a method for vaporizing liquids such as fuels, the liquid is sprayed into a chamber such that the spray does not impinge on any surface. The energy for vaporization is supplied through the injection of a hot diluent such as nitrogen or oxygen depleted air. Additional heat is added through the surface. In another embodiment, the liquid is sprayed onto a hot surface using a geometry such that the entire spray is intercepted by the surface. Heat is added through the surface to maintain an internal surface temperature above the boiling point of the least volatile component of the liquid. The liquid droplets impinging on the surface are thus flash vaporized. A carrier gas may also be flowed through the vaporizer to control the dew point of the resultant vapor phase mixture.