According to an embodiment, a combustion system is provided, which includes a nozzle configured to emit a diverging fuel flow, a flame holder positioned in the path of the fuel flow and that includes a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, and a preheat mechanism configured to heat the flame to a temperature exceeding a startup temperature threshold.

Described herein are catalytic heating systems, comprising catalytic reactors and dual-mode fuel evaporators, and methods of operating such systems. A dual-mode fuel evaporator is thermally coupled to a catalytic reactor and comprises an electric heater used for preheating the evaporator to at least a fuel-flow threshold temperature. Upon reaching this threshold, the liquid fuel, such as ethanol or methanol, is flown into the evaporator and evaporates therein, forming vaporized fuel. The vaporized fuel is mixed with oxidant, and the mixture is flown into the catalytic reactor where the vaporized fuel undergoes catalytic exothermic oxidation. At least some heat, generated in the catalytic reactor, is transferred to the evaporator and used for the evaporation of additional fuel. When the evaporator reaches or exceeds its operating threshold, the electric heater can be turned off and all heat is supplied to the evaporator from the catalytic reactor.

According to an embodiment, a combustion system is provided, which includes a nozzle configured to emit a diverging fuel flow, a flame holder positioned in the path of the fuel flow and that includes a plurality of apertures extending therethrough, and a preheat mechanism configured to heat the flame to a temperature exceeding a startup temperature threshold.

A catalytic burner with electric start. The method of using the catalytic burner comprises an electric-start device that may actuated via a switch or remotely via radio signal.

A combustion chamber assembly unit, especially for a vaporizing burner and particularly especially for a vehicle heater, includes at least two combustion chamber elements (12, 20, 26, 32, 50, 52, 64, 102, 126) with wall areas (12, 34, 46, 54, 64, 104, 130, 140, 142). The at least two combustion chamber elements are arranged in a radially staggered pattern in relation to a longitudinal axis (L) of the combustion chamber and are fixed to one another by laser welding.

A bottom assembly unit for a vaporizing burner combustion chamber assembly unit, especially for a vehicle heater, includes a bottom part (24) with a bottom wall. A porous evaporator medium (44) at least partially covers the bottom wall on a front side (42) positioned such that it faces a combustion chamber (20). A ring-shaped holding part (34) has a contact area (40) touching the porous evaporator medium (44). The contact area has a holding section (62) extending radially inwardly from a holding part circumferential wall (36) and extends over the porous evaporator medium (44) in a radially outer area (66). A plurality of contact projections (68) are arranged at spaced locations from one another about the longitudinal axis and extend in the direction of the porous evaporator medium. The porous evaporator medium (44) is pressed by the contact projections (68) in a radially outer area (66) against the bottom wall.

A combustion system such as a furnace or boiler includes a perforated reaction holder configured to hold a combustion reaction that produces very low oxides of nitrogen (NOx).

A catalytic burner with electric start is provided. The method of using the catalytic burner comprises an electric-start device that may actuated via a switch or remotely via radio signal.

A combustion system outputs fuel gas from a plurality of fuel ejectors toward a forward end of a burner wall and preheats a perforated flame holder by sustaining combustion reaction of the fuel gas at combustion zone between the burner wall and a perforated flame holder. The combustion system then outputs fuel gas from the fuel ejectors onto the perforated flame holder and sustains a combustion reaction of the fuel gas within the perforated flame holder.

A heater having a planar metal sheet with a first and second surface. A metal oxide layer is formed on the first surface of the sheet and a combustion catalyst is impregnated into the metal oxide layer. A source of fuel and air is then supplied to the first side of the metal sheet resulting in catalytic combustion which heats the metal sheet. The metal sheet can serve as a cooking stove.