Processes for producing liquid fuels from a mainly organic starting material with a reduced content in water and/or with a reduced content in solids are disclosed. The mainly organic starting material can be at least partially liquified and optionally further dewatered. The obtained at least partially liquid fraction can be thereafter used as feeding stream that is submitted to a pyrolysis treatment resulting in a solid gas fraction allowing the recovering of a liquid fuels after a controlled liquid solid separation treatment. There are also provided various other processes for producing liquid fuel from waste hydrocarbon and/or organic material as well as reactors, apparatuses, uses and managing systems thereof.

Embodiments of the present disclosure include a system, method, and apparatus comprising a direct steam generator configured to generate saturated steam and combustion exhaust constituents.

Provided is a waste water incineration method including (S10) supplying waste water to an evaporator to evaporate the waste water, (S20) supplying an evaporator top discharge stream discharged from the evaporator to an incinerator to incinerate the discharge stream, (S30) mixing a first incinerator discharge stream and a second incinerator discharge stream discharged from the incinerator to form a mixed discharge stream, and (S40) heat-exchanging the mixed discharge stream and a fresh air stream in a first heat exchanger, wherein the mixed discharge stream which has passed through the first heat exchanger is heat-exchanged in a second heat exchanger and discharged to the atmosphere.

Mineral additives and a method for operating a waste-to-energy furnace are provided in order to improve its operational performance and availability, increase the lifetime of the combustor building materials (refractory walls and heat-exchanger metallic tubes) and flue gas treatment equipment, improve ash quality, reduce emissions and avoid combustion problems such as agglomeration, slagging, deposition, and corrosion. A method for operating a waste-to-energy furnace, such as a fluidized bed reactor, pulverized-fuel combustor, grate combustor includes introducing mineral additive into the furnace. The method further includes heating at least a portion of the mineral additive either intimately in contact with the fuel, such that the ability of mineral additive to induce crystallization of the surface of forming ashes is enhanced, or minimizing the contact of the mineral additive with the fuel and the forming ashes, such that the solid-gas reactions between the mineral additive and the volatile compounds in the flue gas are favored and the mineral additive power to capture at least a portion of the inorganic volatile compounds present in the furnace is enhanced.

This invention relates to the field of water purification and desalination. In particular, embodiments of the invention relate to systems and methods of removing essentially all of a broad spectrum of impurities from water in an automated industrial process that requires minimal cleaning or maintenance during the course of several months to several years, with relatively high yields of product water per unit of input water, flexibility with respect to energy sources, compact design with a low industrial foot-print, the ability to recover valuable by-products, and ultra-low energy requirements.

The present invention relates to the oxidative combustion of amine-containing wastewaters, especially in a process for preparing methacrolein. Methacrolein is used in chemical synthesis particularly as an intermediate for preparation of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate, or else of active ingredients, odorants or flavorings. More particularly, the present invention relates to an oxidative combustion of the amine-containing wastewaters with only low nitrogen oxide formation.

A robust, thermally and structurally sound burn pit flare tip structure is disclosed of refractory brick construction capable of resisting the high temperature of 1800° C. and associated fluctuations. The burn pit is capable of prolonged continuous operation and reduces the previously experienced downtime and frequent failures.

A robust, thermally and structurally sound burn pit flare tip structure is disclosed of refractory brick construction capable of resisting the high temperature of 1800° C. and associated fluctuations. The burn pit is capable of prolonged continuous operation and reduces the previously experienced downtime and frequent failures.

The present invention provides a process for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater and a device for continuous treatment of high-concentration organic wastewater. The process of the present application is that: high-concentration organic wastewater is continuously separated through the synergistic interaction of a multilayer evaporator and a heat pump, and the generated wastewater steam containing light components is continuously subjected to desulfurization and catalytic combustion after being mixed with air in a gaseous form, the treated wastewater can meet discharge standards, and heavy components of the generated wastewater can be recycled. After the desulfurizing agent in a first desulfurizer and the catalyst in a first catalytic combustor are deactivated, the generated wastewater steam containing the light components can be switched to a second desulfurizer and a second catalytic combustor for reaction, and air can be introduced into the deactivated catalyst and desulfurizing agent for in-situ regeneration at a high temperature.

A method and apparatus for thermal processing of contaminated liquids is disclosed. The system employs an efficient and robust pulse jet burner as its basic energy source. This energy is then used to generate steam which may subsequently be used for a variety of processing and purification steps. A multiple-chamber approach is used: a burner chamber contains the pulse jet burner, a neighboring heat exchanger chamber uses this heat energy to initiate the purification process which started in a third neighboring coagulator chamber into which the contaminated fluids are initially introduced to the system. Combustible liquids which are separated from the contaminated fluids may be used to power the pulse jet for self-contained operation. High temperature flue gases from the pulse jet pass through a supercharger box and then into a vortex dryer which may have a secondary vortex dryer for initial drying of wet solid fuels.