Described herein are two-stage catalytic heating systems and methods of operating thereof. A system comprises a first-stage catalytic reactor and a second-stage catalytic reactor, configured to operate in sequence and at different operating conditions, For example, the first-stage catalytic reactor is supplied with fuel and oxidant at fuel-rich conditions. The first-stage catalytic reactor generates syngas. The syngas is flown into the second-stage catalytic reactor together with some additional oxidant. The second-stage catalytic reactor operates at fuel-lean conditions and generates exhaust. Splitting the overall fuel oxidation process between the two catalytic reactors allows operating these reactors away from the stoichiometric fuel-oxidant ratio and avoiding excessive temperatures in these reactors. As a result, fewer pollutants are generated during the operation of two-stage catalytic heating systems. For example, the temperatures are maintained below 1.000° C. at all oxidation stages.

Devices and methods for outdoor heating. A stove device includes a fuel system attached to a combustion chamber to deliver fuel from a hopper of the fuel system to the combustion chamber for combustion in a firepot assembly positioned inside the combustion chamber. A distance between a chute of the fuel system and the firepot assembly is adjustable to change an amount of fuel for combustion and thereby control temperature of combustion. The distance may be decreased to decrease the temperature and may be increased to increase the temperature

A power burner system for use with a heating appliance includes a burner tube, a gas valve for providing gas to the burner tube, and a variable speed combustion air blower for mixing air with the gas provided to the burner tube. The burner system further includes a control in communication with the gas valve and the combustion air blower. The control may also be in communication with various other devices of an appliance, such as a variable speed air-circulating fan, a variable speed exhaust fan, or various sensors associated with the heating appliance. The control modulates the gas valve and the combustion air blower to maintain substantially stoichiometric conditions of the gas and air provided to the burner tube and as a function of signals from at least one of the devices. In one embodiment, the burner system may be used in a conveyor oven.

A system and method for heating process air is disclosed. Low NOx burners are provided with low temperature combustion air, e.g., less than about 0° C., and fuel at varying amounts to maintain a desired balance between low NO.sub.2 and low CO emissions. The amount of combustion air and the amount of fuel may be adjusted to achieve desired low NO.sub.2 and low CO via a feedback control system.

Cooking apparatus for cooking food by a barbecue grilling method, comprises an outer housing receiving an inner housing which defines a heating volume. A chamber for pressurised air is defined between the outer and inner housings. Apertures in the inner housing allow pressurised air to exit the chamber into the heating volume. At least one burner is located in the inner housing. A combustible fuel/air mixture is supplied to the burner and this is separate from the supply of pressurised air to the chamber. A cooking surface is placed across the top of the heating volume to support food to be cooked.

The present invention provides a combustion device. In ON-OFF combustion control processing for intermittently performing the combustion operation of burners (4), a control unit (30) of a combustion device (water heater) (1), which includes the burners (4), a fuel supply unit (5), and a combustion fan (10), controls the fuel supply unit (5) and the combustion fan (10) so as to change the amount of a fuel to be supplied to the burners (4) and the number of rotations of the combustion fan (10) according to a required amount of heat for the temperature control of a target fluid (water for hot water supply) when the burners (4) are ignited to restart a combustion operation after the burners (4) are extinguished.

A method includes processing data associated with operation of equipment in an industrial process to repeatedly (i) identify one or more models that mathematically represent the operation of the equipment using training data and (ii) generate first indicators potentially identifying at least one specified condition of the equipment using evaluation data and the one or more models. The method also includes classifying the first indicators into multiple classes. The multiple classes include true positive indicators and false positive indicators. The true positive indicators identify that the equipment is suffering from the at least one specified condition. The false positive indicators identify that the equipment is not suffering from the at least one specified condition. The method further includes generating a notification indicating that the equipment is suffering from the at least one specified condition in response to one or more first indicators being classified into the class of true positive indicators.

A reactor system for the production and/or treatment of particles in an oscillating process gas stream. The reactor system includes a reactor unit that has an upstream feed unit and a downstream discharge unit and a reactor that includes a multiple burner system that has a combustion chamber, an exhaust gas pipe that follows downstream from the combustion chamber, and a plurality of burners. A part of the burners of the multiple burner systems are suitable for production of the oscillating process gas stream. The burners of the multiple burner system are arranged in the combustion chamber of the reactor unit.

The invention relates to a method for the thermal disposal of pollutants in industrial gases, wherein, in order to generate a flame for burning the pollutants, a fuel gas and oxygen are fed into a combustion chamber (19) of a burner (1), where they are then ignited, wherein a diluent gas is fed in in order to reduce the calorific value of the gas mixture relative to the fuel gas, while the throughput of the diluent gas is regulated as a function of the composition of the industrial gas in order to adapt the gas mixture consisting of diluent gas and fuel gas. The invention also relates to a burner (1) for generating a flame (2) in a combustion chamber (19) for burning pollutants in an industrial gas, and to a waste-gas treatment device having at least one burner (1) arranged in a combustion chamber (19).

A method to determine a reduction rate of a recovery boiler using optical information from a chemical smelt sample. A processor is used to read a digital frame at least part of which represents the chemical smelt sample of the recovery boiler. An area of interest is determined from the digital frame read comprising at least part of the area in the digital frame representing the chemical smelt sample. Of the pixel values of the area of interest, one or more spectral characteristic values correlating with the change of reduction rate are determined. The reduction rate of the recovery boiler is determined using a reduction rate function of one or more of the determined spectral characteristic values weighted at predetermined weights.