A heating element comprises a main body having a three-dimensional matrix with an open structure including openings and internal voids, cavities and/or pores extending throughout the main body. The three-dimensional matrix is provided as a lattice having a repeating unit cell extending in three directions. The present heating element is adapted for maximised surface area so as to provide an effective and efficient thermal energy transfer medium.

A laser based water heating element formed from at least two components, e.g., a shaft and a laser beam generator, wherein the shaft and laser beam generator of the laser based water heating element are axially aligned, i.e., the shaft is centered on the laser beam generator, where the laser beam generator is a self-contained green, infrared and red-line laser module with an integrated laser driver circuit, optics and laser diode such that, in operation, the laser beam generator generates a laser beam with an output power that is sufficient to cause the shaft to generate radiant heat and thereby cause the temperature of water within a water heater to rise.

Control of temperature of water delivered by a dual-stage water heater having an external boiler with a first heater as first stage and an internal duct (water booster) with a second heater as second stage. A control loop based on a measured water temperature in the boiler and controls the first heater. A second loop calculate a reference booster water temperature based on the temperature error at the outlet (difference between a measured outlet water temperature and a reference outlet water temperature) and controls second heater based on error between reference booster water temperature and measured booster water temperature. The reference outlet water temperature depends on type of beverage (e.g. espresso, cappuccino) and includes a temperature profile with different temperature for different sub-beverages (e.g. coffee, milk). Takes into account physical response times, inertia of heater and anticipate sudden changes of reference water temperature at hot water outlet.

A water heating tank is provided comprising a reservoir with a cold water inlet into the reservoir and a hot water outlet from the reservoir. The water heating tank further comprises a heater enclosure located within the reservoir. The heater enclosure encloses at least part of a heater. The heater enclosure has an inlet, a vent and an outlet. The water heating tank further comprises a duct connected to the outlet of the heater enclosure. The duct has an exit located in an upper portion of the reservoir.

The present invention provides an electric boiler having a heating element surrounded by a thermally conductive inner container to define an inner passage about the heating element, the inner container having an inlet 13, 14 and an outlet for a flow of water and is arranged such as to cause water received at the inner container inlet to flow along the inner passage in close proximity to a surface of the heating element, the boiler further comprising an outer container in which the inner container is substantially located, the outer container defining an outer passage about at least part of the inner container, the outer container having an outlet into the inner container wherein the outer container is arranged such as to cause water to flow along the outer passage in close proximity to a surface of the inner container, such that water received in the boiler makes at least a double pass through the boiler to increase the potential heat transfer to the water.

The present disclosure provides a water heating system for efficient heating of water for immediate use that fits either to industrial applications or household applications. The water heating system is suitable to be combined with a solar heating unit and it can be operated on electric power or on gas-based heating units for providing hot water to multiple consumers for household or industrial utilization. Furthermore, the system can be stand-alone, operating without any additional water heating system and can provide an immediate stream of hot water, e.g. it can be installed within a water supplying appliance. The water can operate in two modes: (1) heating for immediate use of hot water; and (2) heating water to be contained in a reservoir for later use. The system uses a two (bi) directional flow valve.

A radiant heating system includes a housing and a plurality of heating elements. The housing includes a top cover configured to cover and seal an upper surface of the housing and a coolant directing enclosure positioned on an upper interior surface of the top cover. The top cover includes a plurality of openings, an inlet configured to allow a coolant to enter into the housing and an outlet configured to allow the coolant to exit the housing. The plurality of heating elements are configured to be inserted into the plurality of openings of the top cover such that the plurality of heating elements project into the housing and contact a coolant. A diameter of the inlet is greater than a diameter of the outlet.

A heating module for a water heater includes a heater and a housing mounted to the heater. The heater includes a conductive pipe and a heating film attached to the outside of the conductive pipe. A room is defined between the housing and the heater for transferring heat to the water. The heating module is located in the tank of the water heater. When water enters into the tank, the conductive pipe transfers thermal energy to the water flowing through the conductive pipe by way of thermal convention. The water in the tank is heated by the housing by way of thermal conduction. The temperature of the water in the tank is quickly increased by the two ways.

A water heater insert device positioned within an electrical showerhead or as a standalone liquids heating device. The water heater insert optimizes heat transfer by channeling water through a channel of a spiral or zigzag form where a deployed heating element supplies thermal energy. The channel maximizes water contact while minimizing the space. A temperature limiter adds protection against scalding.

A heating device comprises an inner tank, an outer shell, and a heater. The inner tank is received in the outer shell. An inner tank opening and an inner tank inlet are each in communication with an inner tank chamber. An outer shell opening corresponds in position to the inner tank opening. An outer shell inlet and the outer shell opening are each in communication with an outer shell chamber. An outer shell through-hole corresponds in position to an inner tank outlet. One end of an electrical heating tube of the heater is disposed at a fixing portion and electrically connected to a control circuit. The other end of the electrical heating tube is received in the inner tank chamber. The control circuit includes an electric wire for communicating with the outside. A guide channel is formed between the inner tank and the outer shell.