A method for the liquefaction of hydrogen is provided. The can include the steps of: precooling a hydrogen feed stream in a precooling cold box having a heat exchanger disposed therein to form a cooled hydrogen stream, wherein the heat exchanger is configured to cool down the feed stream within the precooling cold box by indirect heat exchange between the hydrogen feed stream and a precooling refrigerant; and withdrawing the cooled hydrogen stream from the precooling cold box; introducing the cooled hydrogen stream to a plurality of liquefaction cold boxes, wherein the cooled hydrogen stream liquefies within the plurality of liquefaction cold boxes by indirect heat exchange against a liquefaction refrigerant to form a product hydrogen stream in each of the plurality of liquefaction cold boxes, wherein the product hydrogen stream is in liquid form or pseudo-liquid form wherein there are M total precooling cold boxes and N total liquefaction cold boxes, wherein M is less than N.

A method for producing methyl fluoride, comprising the steps of: (1) pyrolyzing a starting compound in a gas phase to thereby obtain a mixed gas containing methyl fluoride and acid fluoride; and (2) rectifying the mixed gas obtained in step (1) to thereby obtain methyl fluoride.

An apparatus for the production of air gases with variable liquid production by the cryogenic separation of air can include a cold box having a heat exchanger, and a system of columns; a pressure monitoring device; and a controller. The cold box can be configured to receive a purified and compressed air stream under conditions effective for cryogenically separating the air stream to form an air gas product. The apparatus may also include means for transferring the air gas product from the cold box to an air gas pipeline. The pressure monitoring device is configured to monitor the pipeline pressure, and the controller is configured to adjust the product pressure of the air gas product coming out of the cold box based upon the pipeline pressure and to further adjust liquid production from the cold box based on the adjusted product pressure.

An integrated industrial unit is provided, which can include: a nitrogen source comprising an air separation unit that is configured to provide pressurized gaseous nitrogen and liquid nitrogen; a hydrogen source; a hydrogen liquefaction unit, wherein the hydrogen liquefaction unit comprises a precooling system, and a liquefaction system; and a liquid hydrogen storage tank, wherein the precooling system is configured to receive the gaseous hydrogen from the hydrogen source and cool the gaseous hydrogen to a temperature between 70K and 100K, wherein the precooling system comprises a primary refrigeration system and a secondary refrigeration system, wherein the liquefaction system is in fluid communication with the precooling system and is configured to liquefy the gaseous hydrogen received from the precooling system to produce liquid hydrogen, wherein the liquid hydrogen storage tank is in fluid communication with the liquefaction system and is configured to store the liquid hydrogen received from the liquefaction system.

Various systems and methods for suppling cryogenic refrigeration to supercomputing applications such as quantum computing operations are provided. The disclosed systems and methods are flexible, efficient and scaleable to meet the cryogenic refrigeration requirements of many supercomputing applications. The disclosed systems and methods include: (i) a liquid nitrogen based integrated refrigeration system that integrates a nitrogen refrigerator with a refrigeration load circuit; (ii) a closed loop liquid nitrogen based refrigerator that provides cooling to the refrigeration load circuit via indirect heat exchange between liquid nitrogen in a nitrogen refrigerator and a separate refrigerant in a closed-loop refrigeration load circuit; and (iii) a liquid air based integrated refrigeration system that integrates an air intake system with a refrigerator and a refrigeration load circuit.

A combined plant for cryogenic separation and liquefaction of methane and carbon dioxide in a biogas stream, including a mixing means, a compressor, a first exchanger, a distillation column, a second exchanger, a separating means, an expanding means, and a separator vessel. Wherein the mixing means is configured such that the recycle gas is the overhead vapour stream, and the first exchanger and the expanding means are combined.

A combined plant for cryogenic separation and liquefaction of methane and carbon dioxide in a biogas stream, including a mixing means, a compressor, a first exchanger, a distillation column, a second exchanger, a separating means, an expanding means, and a separator vessel. Wherein, the mixing means is configured such that the recycle gas is the overhead vapour stream, and the first exchanger and the expanding means are combined.

Plant and method for liquefying a flow of gas, comprising a cooling circuit which is provided with an upstream end which is intended to be connected to a source of pressurised gas to be liquified and a downstream end which is intended to be connected to a user member, the plant comprising, between the upstream and downstream ends, a set of members which are intended to liquefy the gas and comprise at least one exchanger for cooling the gas, and at least one expansion turbine which is mounted on a rotary axle which is supported by at least one bearing of the gas-static type, the cooling circuit comprising a pressurised gas injection conduit having an upstream end which is intended to receive pressurised gas supplied by the source and a downstream end which is connected to the bearing in order to provide support to the rotary axle, the plant comprising a conduit for recovering the gas which has been used in the bearing, the conduit for recovering the gas comprising an upstream end which is connected to the bearing and a downstream end, characterised in that the downstream end of the conduit for recovering the as is connected to the cooling circuit between the upstream and downstream ends thereof in order to recycle at that location at least a portion of the gas which has been used to support the rotary axle of the bearing with a few to liquefying said gas.

Methods and systems are disclosed to compress raw, liquids-rich natural gas to high pressures while removing heavier hydrocarbons and water through inter-stage gas processing. Some variations provide a method for purifying and compressing natural gas, comprising: conveying a methane-containing input stream to first-compression stages; generating an initial compressed gas stream at a first pressure; conveying the initial compressed gas stream to a low-temperature separation sub-system configured to remove liquid contaminants, thereby generating an intermediate compressed gas stream at a second pressure; conveying the intermediate compressed gas stream to second-compression stages, to generate a compressed gas product stream at a third pressure; recovering purified and compressed natural gas; and feeding the compressed gas product stream into a mobile container. The sub-systems are preferably integrated into a single unit. The invention solves several problems associated with processing and transporting raw natural gas from initial production locations to end markets for final use.

The present disclosure provides a method for cryogenic air separation. In the method, part (b2) of the air (b) is compressed in warm booster (7), cooled in heat exchanger (2) and then divided in two, one part (c1) being compressed in a cold booster(9) driven by one turboexpander (11) in which the other part (c2) of air (c) is expanded, and another part of the feed air is not boosted but is expanded in another turboexpander (6) which drives the warm booster (7). The present disclosure also provides an apparatus for cryogenic air separation.