Disclosed techniques include controlled liquefaction and energy management. A gas within a first pressure containment vessel is pressurized using a column of liquid. The gas that is being pressurized is cooled using a liquid spray, wherein the liquid spray is introduced into the first pressure containment vessel in a region occupied by the gas. The liquid spray keeps the pressurizing to be isothermal. The gas that was pressurized is metered into a second pressure containment vessel, wherein the metering enables liquefaction of the gas. The gas that was pressurized is stored in a gas capacitor prior to the metering. The gas that was liquefied in the second pressure containment vessel is pushed into a holding tank, wherein the holding tank stores a liquefied state of the gas, and wherein the pushing is accomplished by the pressure of the gas that was metered into the second pressure containment vessel.

A heat exchanger system includes a core-in-shell heat exchanger and a liquid/gas separator. The liquid/gas separator is configured to receive a liquid/gas mixture and to separate the gas from the liquid. The liquid/gas separator is connected to the core-in-shell heat exchanger via a first line for transmitting gas from the liquid/gas separator to a first region in the core-in-shell heat exchanger and connected to the core-in-shell heat exchanger via a second line for transmitting liquid from the liquid/gas separator to a second region of the core-in-shell heat exchanger.

Provided is a cooling device with which it is possible to cool a fluid to be cooled, even before maintenance work, if a fault such as a blockage or a breakage occurs in a part of a channel. The cooling device (1) is provided with four heat exchangers (1A-1D) and a plurality of heat exchanger connection parts (111-120), each of the heat exchanger connection parts allowing natural gas to flow therethrough. Each of the heat exchangers has: a drum (101, 102, 103, fourth drum 104), a refrigerant reservoir (T), a plurality of heat exchanger core parts (121, 122, 123, 124) immersed in liquid propane in the refrigerant reservoir (T), and a demister (106). A plurality of cooling channels allowing natural gas to flow therethrough are installed, independent of each other, from the first heat exchanger (1A) to the fourth heat exchanger (1D).

One object of the present invention is to provide a multistage bath condenser-reboiler capable of suppressing a decrease in condensation efficiency and making it compact. The present invention provides a multistage bath condenser-reboiler, including: a heat exchange core including a heat exchange section formed by adjacently stacking an evaporation passage through which liquid to be evaporated flows, and which is partitioned into a plurality of stages, and a condensation passage through which gas is condensed by heat exchange with the liquid; a liquid reservoir which is configured to store liquid which is supplied into the evaporation passage or flowed out from the evaporation passage; and a liquid communication passage which is configured to flow the liquid in the liquid reservoir from an upper liquid reservoir into a lower liquid reservoir; and the liquid reservoir is provided for each evaporation passage partitioned into the plurality of stages on at least one side surface in a width direction of the heat exchanger core, which is orthogonal to a stacking direction of the condensation passage and the evaporation passage, wherein the condensation passage is divided at least two stages, and wherein the multistage bath condenser-reboiler further comprises: a gas header which is provided at the top of each stage of the condensation passage to supply the gas into the condensation passage of each stage; condensation inlet flow channels which introduce the gas supplied in the gas header into the condensation passage; a liquid header which is provided at the bottom of each stage of the condensation passage, and collects liquid generated by condensation of the gas in the condensation passage, and condensation outlet flow channels which flow out the liquid generated by condensation into the liquid header.

A method for separating a mixture containing at least nitrogen and methane by cryogenic distillation in a first column operating in a first pressure and a second column operating at a second pressure lower than the first pressure, the mixture being separated in the first column to form a gas enriched in nitrogen and a liquid enriched in methane, at least a portion of the gas enriched in nitrogen being at least partially condensed in a heat exchanger and returned to the first column, the gas enriched in nitrogen is sent into the heat exchanger by the bottom, ascends in a first series of passages of the exchanger and condenses therein at least partially, the liquid formed descending in these passages of the first series and exiting by the bottom of the exchanger.

The invention relates to a heat exchanger for vaporizing a coolant fluid by heat exchange with a calorigenic fluid, said exchanger comprising several parallel plates defining a plurality of passages between them which are suitable for the coolant fluid or calorigenic fluid to flow, a first wave and a second wave extending between two successive plates so as to define a plurality of channels within the same passage, said first and second waves comprising two adjacent edges, at least one assembly member extending from one edge to the other so as to connect the waves to one another. According to the invention, the assembly member is forcibly engaged in at least one part of a channel of the first wave on one hand, and in at least one part of a channel of the second wave on the other hand.

This specification relates to operating industrial facilities, for example, crude oil refining facilities or other industrial facilities that include operating plants that process natural gas or recover natural gas liquids.

A method of constructing a plate fin heat exchanger includes joining a first side bar formed from a nickel-iron alloy to a first end of a fin element formed from a nickel-iron alloy through a first nickel-iron alloy bond, and joining a second side bar formed from a nickel-iron alloy to a second end of the fin element through a second nickel-iron alloy bond to create a first layer of the plate fin heat exchanger. The fin element defines a fluid passage.

In a process for the separation of a gas rich in carbon dioxide and containing at least one component lighter than carbon dioxide, the feed gas rich in carbon dioxide is cooled in a first heat exchanger, partially condensed and separated to form a gaseous portion and a liquid, sending the liquid portion to the top of a distillation column, removing a liquid stream richer in carbon dioxide than the feed gas from the bottom of the distillation column, removing a gaseous stream less rich in carbon dioxide than the feed gas from the top of the distillation column and warming the gaseous stream in the first heat exchanger, sending the gaseous portion to a shell and tube heat exchanger having tubes in a bath of triple point carbon dioxide, in which it condenses at least partially to form a liquid fraction, sending the liquid fraction to the top of the distillation column, vaporizing a liquid stream from the bottom of the distillation column outside or within the distillation column to form a gas which is subsequently separated in the distillation column, expanding a liquid stream from the bottom of the distillation column, vaporizing at least part of the expanded liquid stream in the shell and tube heat exchanger to form a vapor and warming the vapor formed in the first heat exchanger.

This specification relates to operating industrial facilities, for example, crude oil refining facilities or other industrial facilities that include operating plants that process natural gas or recover natural gas liquids.