A heat exchanger for an air conditioner for which a zeotropic refrigerant mixture is used is obtained, and the heat exchanger, when used as an evaporator, enables reduction of the amount of required refrigerant without deteriorating the heat transfer performance. The heat exchanger includes: a plurality of fins stacked together at predetermined intervals therebetween; first heat transfer pipes which extend through the plurality of fins, in which a heat medium flows, and which have a plurality of grooves in the inner surface of the pipes; and second heat transfer pipes extending through the plurality of fins, having one end connected to one end of the first heat transfer pipes to form one heat medium flow path, being smaller in pipe diameter than the first heat transfer pipes, and having an inner surface shape providing a pressure loss per unit length smaller than that of the first heat transfer pipes.

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.

A moisture trap for removing liquid from a fluid drawn from a tissue site treated with reduced pressure and systems and methods for using the same are described. The moisture trap may include a barrier adapted to be fluidly coupled to and define an indirect fluid path between a fluid reservoir and a reduced-pressure source. The barrier may have a hydrophilic surface. The moisture trap also may include a sump adapted to receive condensation from the barrier.

A method for improving heat transfer during distillation and concentration of extract with solvent includes providing a distillation vessel having a heat transfer surface and preparing the heat transfer surface with a plurality of surface features. A distillation and concentration system includes a distillation vessel having a heat transfer surface prepared with a plurality of surface features in accordance with the method.

The present invention relates to a method of enhancing heat transfer of metallic surfaces by (1) fabricating hierarchical micro-nanostructured surfaces using etching processes, and (2) fabricating hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, using a printing or a coating technique, followed by etching. The said method enhances the density of condensation sites over a metallic surface and additionally facilitates the departure of condensed droplets from the surface. Such a surface also enhances the sensible heat transfer characteristics, and improves the coefficient of performance (COP) of refrigeration systems for applications like atmospheric water generators, dehumidifiers, air conditioners, etc.

Provided herein are refrigerator systems integrated with an atmospheric water harvesting unit, as well as methods using such systems. The atmospheric water harvesting unit serves as a water supply for the refrigerator system by capturing water from surrounding air. For example, the water capture materials may be metal organic frameworks. The systems and methods desorb this water in the form of water vapor, and the water vapor is condensed into liquid water and collected. The liquid water is suitable for use as drinking water.

The present invention provides a gravity high-efficiency heat dissipation apparatus comprising an evaporator and a condenser. The evaporator comprises a housing, an evaporation chamber arranged at the housing, and a skived structure arranged inside the evaporation chamber. The condenser comprises an upper circulating main pipe, a lower circulating main pipe and one or a plurality of condensation pipes having an upper opening and a lower opening fluidly connected to the upper circulating main pipe and the lower circulating main pipe respectively. The upper circulating main pipe is fluidly connected to an upper side of the evaporator via a first connecting pipe and is fluidly connected to an upper side of the evaporation chamber. The lower circulating main pipe is fluidly connected to one side of the evaporator via a second connecting pipe and is fluidly connected to the evaporation chamber. A circumferential side of each of the condensation pipes has one or a plurality of heat dissipation fins formed thereon.

A method of achieving high heat transfer during cooling includes providing an aluminum body having an inner surface enclosing a channel, where the inner surface comprises microscale roughness features and microcavities configured to enhance nucleation site density during flow boiling. A refrigerant is transported through the channel. During the transport, the refrigerant absorbs heat from a thermal load and undergoes flow boiling. The heat is transferred to the refrigerant at an average heat transfer coefficient of at least about 10 kW/(m.sup.2.Math.K) at a mass flux of about 300 kg/(m.sup.2.Math.s).

Nanostructured coating materials, methods of their production, and methods of use in a variety of applications are described. The nanostructured materials described herein include one or more 2.sup.+ and/or 3.sup.+ metal ion(s), optionally in a ternary phase, on a substrate.

An immersion heat dissipation structure is provided. The immersion heat dissipation structure includes a porous metal heat dissipation material, an integrated heat spreader, and a thermal interface material. The porous metal heat dissipation material has a porosity greater than 8%. The porous metal heat dissipation material and the integrated heat spreader have the thermal interface material arranged therebetween so that a thermal connection is formed therebetween. A super-wetting layer is formed on a connection surface between the porous metal heat dissipation material and the thermal interface material, and the super-wetting layer has a wetting angle of less than 10 degrees to water. Alternatively, a super-hydrophobic layer is formed on the connection surface between the porous metal heat dissipation material and the thermal interface material, and the super-hydrophobic layer has a wetting angle of greater than 120 degrees to water.