An underwater organism imaging aid system according to an aspect of the present disclosure includes, at least one memory configured to store instructions, and at least one processor configured to execute the instructions to: detect an underwater organism from an image acquired by a camera, determine a positional relationship between the underwater organism detected and the camera, and output auxiliary information for moving the camera in such a way that a side face of the underwater organism and an imaging face of the camera face each other based on the positional relationship.

Systems, devices, and methods for providing a sheet product dispenser with automated product level tracking functionality are provided herein. Various product level sensors are disclosed herein including a product level sensor configured to emit a signal toward an outer circumference of a sheet product roll on a spindle extending along a longitudinal axis and to receive a reflected signal. The product level sensor is positioned a radial distance away from the spindle and aimed to emit the signal in a direction that is not parallel and not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis. The product level sensor detects a parameter of the reflected signal corresponding to the distance between the product level sensor and the sheet product roll. Other example embodiments include mechanical product level sensors. Various communication protocols may be employed to limit transmission of data to conserve battery life while still maintaining desired communication functionality.

A bubble measurement system includes a bubble detector including a vessel having a flow path configured to receive a flow of fluid including air bubbles from a bubble generator and an imaging system. The imaging system includes an imaging device for imaging the fluid and air bubbles in the flow path of the vessel of the bubble detector. The imaging system has an imaging controller coupled to the imaging device and receiving images from the imaging device. The imaging controller processes the images to measure bubble size of each air bubble passing through the bubble detector. The imaging controller includes a pairing module comparing successive images and the air bubbles in successive images to measure all bubbles flowing through the vessel.

A shape profile measurement device includes: a light projector and a light receiver arranged facing each other; a belt conveyor for conveying an object for measurement; and a calculation unit. The light projector includes a plurality of light-emitting portions arranged in an array direction, and each emits substantially parallel measurement light. The light receiver includes a plurality of light-receiving portions arranged in the array direction facing the plurality of light-emitting portions, and each receives the measurement light emitted from a corresponding light-emitting portion. The light-receiving portions output a signal indicating a light intensity of the received measurement light. The calculation unit acquires the signal of the light receiver when the object is at a plurality of different movement-direction positions between the light-emitting portions and the light-receiving portions, and obtains a shape profile on the basis of the signal acquired and information relating to the plurality of movement-direction positions.

An encoder apparatus including a reflective scale and a readhead. The readhead includes at least one light emitting element, at least one sensor and at least one optical device, which together with the scale form an optical system in which the optical device forms an image of an illuminated region of the reflective scale onto the sensor. The system's optical path, from the light emitting element to the sensor, passes through the optical device on its way toward and after reflection from the scale. and includes an unreflected optical path between the light emitting element and the optical device and an unreflected optical path between the optical device and the sensor.

In a method for determining the elongation of segments of a chain of a chain drive during operation, a plurality of measured values is determined at different positions of the chain. A plurality of length values is determined from the plurality of measured values and a position of the segments of the chain is determined. The length values are assigned to the segments of the chain, with the length of the segments of the chain being smaller than the length of the chain.

A method for estimating an effective length of a first vehicle segment of a vehicle combination, the vehicle combination comprising a towing vehicle which is connected to the first vehicle segment via a first articulation joint and a perception sensor mounted on one of the towing vehicle and the first vehicle segment and arranged to obtain an image of the other one of the towing vehicle and the first vehicle segment; the method comprising identifying that the vehicle combination is provided in a first steady vehicle state, identifying that a turning and driving manoeuvre is initiated, identifying when the vehicle combination reaches a second steady vehicle state, determining a time period required for driving the vehicle combination from the first steady vehicle state to the second steady vehicle state, and estimating the effective length by use of the time period, the specific angular change, and the specific speed.

In a method for determining the elongation of segments of a chain of a chain drive during operation, a plurality of measured values is determined at different positions of the chain. A plurality of length values is determined from the plurality of measured values and the length values are assigned to the segments of the chain, with the length of the segments of the chain being smaller than the length of the chain.

An object is to shorten time required for visual inspection. A visual inspection device (1) configured to inspect an appearance of an inspection object (30), the visual inspection device (1) including: an imager (3) configured to image the inspection object (30) arranged at a predetermined position of the visual inspection device (1); and a height measurer (11, 12) configured to measure a height of the inspection object (30) carried into the visual inspection device (1) or carried out from the visual inspection device (1).

Methods and apparatus for monitoring windlass rotation are provided to determine the real time rate and length of rode release when anchoring a boat. The rotation can be monitored in real time using directional sound and/or electromagnetic radiation receivers and/or transmitter in a module attached to the windlass. Another windlass module can monitor windlass rotation using micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) components such as accelerometers, magnetometers, gyroscopes, and/or inertial measurement units (IMU) to sense motion and/or position.