An atom chip (Ach) for an ultra-cold atom sensor, the atom chip includes a first pair of waveguides, a second pair of waveguides, the projections of the guides along X and the guides along Y′ in the plane XY forming, at their intersection, a first parallelogram with a centre O and having a first surface, a first conductive strip and a second conductive strip arranged such that their respective projection in the plane XY forms, at their intersection, a second parallelogram also with a centre O and having a second surface, the strips being designed to be flowed through by DC currents, an intersection between the first and the second surface being greater than or equal to 40% of the first surface.

An atom chip (Ach) for an ultra-cold atom sensor, the atom chip includes a first pair of waveguides, a second pair of waveguides, the projections of the guides along X and the guides along Y′ in the plane XY forming, at their intersection, a first parallelogram with a centre O and having a first surface, a first conductive strip and a second conductive strip arranged such that their respective projection in the plane XY forms, at their intersection, a second parallelogram also with a centre O and having a second surface, the strips being designed to be flowed through by DC currents, an intersection between the first and the second surface being greater than or equal to 40% of the first surface.

An atom chip (Ach) for an ultra-cold atom sensor, includes a measurement plane XY of the atom chip comprising: a plurality of first pairs of waveguides, a plurality of second pairs of waveguides, the projections in the plane XY of the first pair furthest from X and of the second pair furthest from Y′ forming, at their intersection, a parallelogram with a centre O, a first conductive wire having a projection in the plane XY along X or Y′ or a diagonal of the parallelogram, the first conductive wire being designed to be flowed through by a DC current, the first wire having a flaring so as to take the form of a surface whose projection in the plane XY incorporates the parallelogram and exhibits symmetry about the point O.

An atom chip (Ach) for an ultra-cold atom sensor, includes a measurement plane XY of the atom chip comprising: a plurality of first pairs of waveguides, a plurality of second pairs of waveguides, the projections in the plane XY of the first pair furthest from X and of the second pair furthest from Y′ forming, at their intersection, a parallelogram with a centre O, a first conductive wire having a projection in the plane XY along X or Y′ or a diagonal of the parallelogram, the first conductive wire being designed to be flowed through by a DC current, the first wire having a flaring so as to take the form of a surface whose projection in the plane XY incorporates the parallelogram and exhibits symmetry about the point O.

A chip-scale gyrometric apparatus is disclosed. In embodiments, the chip-scale gyrometric apparatus includes a dielectric substrate and an antenna element attached thereto for receiving an inbound signal having an initial phase. The apparatus includes a splitter for splitting the inbound signal into two equivalent signals, and two coils connected to the splitter. The first coil carries one of the split signals in a clockwise (CW) path relative to a rotational axis, while the second coil carries the other split signal in a counterclockwise (CCW) path relative to the same axis. An integrated circuit (IC) on the substrate and connected to the first and second coils measures a phase shift between the first and second signals (e.g., deviation from the initial phase) based on their respective CW and CCW paths and determines, based on the measured phase shift, a degree of rotation relative to the common rotational axis.

Disclosed herein are configurations and methods to produce very low loss waveguide structures, which can be single-layer or multi-layer. These waveguide structures can be used as a sensing component of a small-footprint integrated optical gyroscope. By using pure fused silica substrates as both top and bottom cladding around a SiN waveguide core, the propagation loss can be well below 0.1 db/meter. Low-loss waveguide-based gyro coils may be patterned in the shape of a spiral (circular or rectangular or any other shape), that may be distributed among one or more of vertical planes to increase the length of the optical path while avoiding the increased loss caused by intersecting waveguides in the state-of-the-art designs. Low-loss adiabatic tapers may be used for a coil formed in a single layer where an output waveguide crosses the turns of the spiraling coil.

Embodiments relate to an Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor that generates strain information including a change in strain based on first output light of a first type of optical fiber sensing unit, calculates acceleration information of an object on which an IMU sensor (10) is mounted based on the strain information, generates angular velocity information based on output light of a second type of optical fiber sensing unit, and calculates angle information of the object based on the rotational speed information.

Embodiments relate to an Inertia Measurement Unit (IMU) sensor that generates strain information including a change in strain based on first output light of a first type of optical fiber sensing unit, calculates acceleration information of an object on which an IMU sensor (10) is mounted based on the strain information, generates angular velocity information based on output light of a second type of optical fiber sensing unit, and calculates angle information of the object based on the rotational speed information.

An atom chip for an ultracold-atom sensor, the chip includes an XY-plane normal to a Z-axis, the atom chip comprising: first and second coplanar waveguides suitable for propagating microwaves at respective angular frequencies ω.sub.a and ω.sub.b, the waveguides being placed symmetrically on either side of the X-axis and being referred to as X-wise guides, first and second coplanar waveguides suitable for propagating microwaves at respective angular frequencies ω′.sub.a and ω′.sub.b, the waveguides being placed symmetrically on either side of an axis the projection of which in the XY-plane is along an axis Y′ that is different from the X-axis and that is contained in the XY-plane, and being referred to as Y′-wise guides, the X-wise guides being electrically insulated from the Y′-wise guides, an intersection of the guides forming a parallelogram of center O defining an origin of the reference frame XYZ, at least a first conductive wire and a second conductive wire the respective projections of which in the XY-plane are secant at O and make between them an angle larger than or equal to 20°, the conductive wires being suitable for being passed through by DC currents.

Nonlinear interferometers include a nonlinear optical medium that is situated to produce a conjugate optical beam in response to a pump beam and a probe beam. The pump, probe, and conjugate beams propagate displaced from each other along a common optical path. One of the beams is selectively phase shifted, and the beams are then returned to the nonlinear medium, with the selectively phase shift beam phase shifted again. The nonlinear medium provides phase sensitive gain to at least one of the probe or conjugate beams, and the amplified beam is detected to provide an estimate of the phase shift.