The method comprises producing a measurement signal (s1) having a signal parameter, followed with a temporal change (Δx1/Δt; Δx1′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x1) and a temporal change (Δy1/Δt) of a disturbing variable (Δ1), and producing a measurement signal (s2) having a signal parameter, followed by a temporal change (Δx2/Δt; Δx2′/Δt) of a primary measured variable (x2). The method comprises ascertaining measured values (X.sub.I) of first type representing the primary measured variable (x1) or a secondary measured variable (f(x1) Δx1′) of measured values (X.sub.II) of second type representing the primary measured variable (x2) or a secondary measured variable (f(x2) Δx2′). The method comprises using measured values (X.sub.I) of first type and measured values (X.sub.II) of second type for ascertaining an error characterizing number (Err) representing a velocity error (ΔX.sub.I/ΔX.sub.II) caused by a change of the disturbing variable (y1).

The invention provides secure systems, methods and computer program products for monitoring fluid distribution within a fluid distribution network, and for validating received fluid distribution data, identifying unauthorized losses, and raising alerts in response to detection of unauthorized losses. The invention relies on a plurality of sensors disposed within the fluid distribution network, data received from said sensors, and validation and reconciliation of data based on a distributed ledger system, for detecting instances of unauthorized fluid loss.

The invention provides secure systems, methods and computer program products for monitoring fluid distribution within a fluid distribution network, and for validating received fluid distribution data, identifying unauthorized losses, and raising alerts in response to detection of unauthorized losses. The invention relies on a plurality of sensors disposed within the fluid distribution network, data received from said sensors, and validation and reconciliation of data based on a distributed ledger system, for detecting instances of unauthorized fluid loss.

A device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container includes four, rod-shaped elements arranged on a membrane, three piezoelectric elements and an electronics system, wherein one first and one second rod-shaped element are arranged and configured such that they form a mechanically vibratable unit, wherein the device is configured to excite the vibratable unit via an excitation signal to create mechanical oscillations, to receive the mechanical oscillations of the vibratable unit, to convert them into a first received signal, to transmit a transmitted signal, and to receive a second received signal, and wherein the electronics system is configured to determine the at least one process variable based on the first and/or second received signal.

A device for determining and/or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium in a container includes four, rod-shaped elements arranged on a membrane, three piezoelectric elements and an electronics system, wherein one first and one second rod-shaped element are arranged and configured such that they form a mechanically vibratable unit, wherein the device is configured to excite the vibratable unit via an excitation signal to create mechanical oscillations, to receive the mechanical oscillations of the vibratable unit, to convert them into a first received signal, to transmit a transmitted signal, and to receive a second received signal, and wherein the electronics system is configured to determine the at least one process variable based on the first and/or second received signal.

The present disclosure relates to a measurement tube including a tubular main body, which has a wall and a lumen, and a sensor holder, which is arranged on and integrally bonded to an outer lateral surface of the wall of the main body, opposite the lumen, the sensor holder configured to be mechanically connected to at least one sensor component for sensing at least one measurement variable of a measurement material located in the lumen. The sensor holder is at least partly produced by an additive manufacturing method directly on the lateral surface of the wall of the main body. In a method for producing such a measurement tube, liquefied material is applied to the outer lateral surface of the wall of the main body and allowed to resolidify there to form a part of the sensor holder, which part is integrally bonded to the wall of the main body.

The present disclosure relates to a measurement tube including a tubular main body, which has a wall and a lumen, and a sensor holder, which is arranged on and integrally bonded to an outer lateral surface of the wall of the main body, opposite the lumen, the sensor holder configured to be mechanically connected to at least one sensor component for sensing at least one measurement variable of a measurement material located in the lumen. The sensor holder is at least partly produced by an additive manufacturing method directly on the lateral surface of the wall of the main body. In a method for producing such a measurement tube, liquefied material is applied to the outer lateral surface of the wall of the main body and allowed to resolidify there to form a part of the sensor holder, which part is integrally bonded to the wall of the main body.

A measurement system includes: a tube; a bluff body, situated in the lumen of the tube, for generating vortices in a flowing fluid such that a Karman vortex street is formed downstream of the bluff body; a vortex sensor, having a mechanical resonant frequency, for providing a vortex sensor signal which changes over time and contains a first component representing the vortex shedding frequency and which contains a second component representing the mechanical resonant frequency of the vortex sensor; and transducer electronics for evaluating the at least one vortex sensor signal and configured to do the following: to determine vortex frequency measurement values representing the shedding frequency using the first component and, if the first component is not present, not to provide flow parameter measurement values and to generate a message indicating the current flow speed is not lower than the current acoustic velocity of the flowing fluid.

A field device (10) includes a sensor (11) that measures a physical quantity and outputs a measurement signal indicating a measured value, converters (12, 15, 16) that perform a predetermined conversion process on the measurement signal, and a processor (17) that outputs an output signal corresponding to the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process. The processor (17) starts verifying operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) when the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process satisfies a predetermined condition, and outputs, while the operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) is being verified, a signal corresponding to the measurement signal subjected to the conversion process and acquired immediately before the operational soundness of the converters (12, 15, 16) is verified, or a signal corresponding to the measurement signal indicating a predetermined measured value of the sensor (11), as the output signal.

A system and method for simulating activity of a fluid in a volume that represents a physical space, the activity of the fluid in the volume being simulated so as to model movement of elements within the volume. The method includes at a first time, identifying a first set of vortices in a transient and turbulent flow. The method includes at a second time that is subsequent to the first time, identifying a second set of vortices. The method includes tracking changes in the vortices by comparing the first set and the second set of discrete vortices. The method includes identifying one or more noise sources based on the tracking. The method includes determining the contribution of one or more noise sources at a receiver. The method also includes outputting data indicating one or more modifications to one or more geometric features of a device or an entity.