The embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and Internet of Things systems for installing a gas pipeline compensator of smart gas. The method may be implemented by a processor of a smart gas device management platform of an Internet of Things system for installing a gas pipeline compensator of smart gas and may include: obtaining a pipeline feature and an estimated operation feature of a target pipeline; generating an estimated stretching and contracting feature of the target pipeline based on the pipeline feature and the estimated operation feature; and generating an installation parameter of the compensator based on the estimated stretching and contracting feature, wherein the installation parameter at least includes a device parameter of the compensator.

A method may include obtaining first pressure data regarding a first pressure sensor upstream from a restricted orifice and second pressure data regarding a second pressure sensor downstream from the restricted orifice. The method may further include obtaining temperature data regarding a temperature sensor coupled to the restricted orifice. The method may further include obtaining various gas parameters regarding a predetermined gas flowing through the restricted orifice and various orifice parameters regarding the restricted orifice. The method may further include determining a first gas flow rate of the predetermined gas based on a gas flow model, the first pressure data, the second pressure data, the temperature data, the gas parameters, and the orifice parameters.

Methods and apparatus, such as a controller of a respiratory therapy device, generate a signal representing an estimate of flow rate of gas flow from the device. The respiratory therapy device may include a motor-operated blower. The method may include receiving in the controller, signals generated by a set of sensors, including measures of pressure and frequency (e.g., speed) of the motor. The controller may be configured to compute an entrained air density function and generate the estimate signal based on a function of the measures of pressure and frequency, and the entrained air density function. The entrained air density function may apply signals from additional sensors, such as atmospheric pressure, gas temperature, and ambient relative humidity, to compute atmospheric density. Control operations of the therapy device may then be based on the estimated signal, which may be applied to assess accuracy of a signal from a flow sensor.

A method for calibrating a gas flow metrology system for a substrate processing system includes a) measuring temperature using a first temperature sensor and a reference temperature sensor over a predetermined temperature range and determining a first transfer function; b) measuring pressure using a first pressure sensor and a reference pressure sensor over a predetermined pressure range using a first calibration gas and determining a second transfer function; c) performing a first plurality of flow rate measurements in a predetermined flow rate range with a first metrology system and a reference metrology system, wherein the first metrology system and the reference metrology system use a first orifice size and the first calibration gas; and d) scaling temperature and pressure using the first transfer function and the second transfer function, respectively, and determining a corresponding transfer function for the first calibration gas based on the first plurality of flow rate measurements.

A system and method for measuring a flow of saturated steam can include a temperature sensor that measures process temperature, and one or more pressure sensors that measure pressure including differential pressure and static pressure. A flow of saturated steam can be calculated from two sets of measurements, one measurement using the differential pressure and the static pressure and a second measurement using the differential pressure and the process temperature. Redundant flow measurements can be provided with respect to the flow of saturated steam in case of failure of the temperature sensor or the pressure sensors. In addition, a deviation between the flow of the saturated steam as calculated from the process temperature and the differential pressure compared to a flow of saturated steam as calculated from the differential pressure and the static pressure can provide an indication of degradation of the temperature sensor or the pressure sensors.

A gas flow meter comprises a meter body, a tube, and a sensing unit. The sensing unit includes a base connected with one end of the tube; a speed transducer penetrating the base; a temperature transducer penetrating the base; a temperature compensator penetrating the base; and a microcontroller accommodated inside the meter body. The microcontroller is electrically connected with the speed transducer, the temperature transducer and the temperature compensator. The temperature transducer only functions to detect the temperature of the surrounding gas. The temperature compensator only functions to compensate the speed transducer for the temperature drop thereof. Each of them functions independently. Once the temperature of the speed transducer lowers, the temperature compensator directly compensates for the temperature drop, whereby the statistic error value is effectively decreased.

A magneto-inductive flow measuring device (1) comprising a measuring tube (2) on which a magnet system and two or more measuring electrodes (3) are arranged and/or secured, wherein the measuring tube (2) has in- and outlet regions (11, 12) with a first cross section and wherein the measuring tube (2) has between the in- and outlet regions (11, 12) a middle segment (10), which has a second cross section, wherein the measuring electrodes (3) are arranged in the middle segment (10) of the measuring tube (2), wherein the middle segment (10) at least in the region of the measuring electrodes (3) is surrounded by a tube holder (15), which guards against cross-sectional deformation of the second cross section.

An electronic utility gas meter using MEMS thermal time-of-flight flow sensor to meter gas custody transfer mass flowrate and an additional MEMS gas sensor to measure the combustion gas composition for the correlations to the acquisition of gas high heat value simultaneously is disclosed in the present invention. The meter is designed for the applications in the city utility gas consumption in compliance with the current tariff while metering the true thermal value of the delivered gases for future upgrades. Data safety, remote data communication, and other features with state-of-the-art electronics are also included in the design.

The present invention provides a thermal flow meter 300 which reduces a stress applied from a fixing portion 3721, which is used to hold and fix a circuit package 400 with respect to a housing 302, to the circuit package 400 and has high reliability. In the thermal flow meter of the invention, the circuit package 400 embedded with a flow rate measurement circuit is formed through a first resin molding process, the fixing portion 3721 is formed along with the housing 302 through a second resin molding process, and the circuit package 400 is enveloped by the fixing portion 3721, whereby the circuit package 400 is held by and fixed to the housing 302. In order to reduce the influence of a stress, generated based on a temperature change of the fixing portion 3721, on the circuit package 400, the fixing portion 3721 is constituted of a thick portion 4714 and a thin portion 4710. Since thickness of a resin of the thin portion 4710 is small, the stress to be generated is small, and a force applied to the circuit package 400 can be reduced.

An airflow velocity measuring apparatus that includes a fixed-temperature heat generating device. The fixed-temperature heat generating device includes a power supply, a positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor element, a switching element, a comparator element, a first negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor element, a second negative-temperature-coefficient thermistor element, and plural resistor elements. The positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor element is disposed at a measuring point at which the velocity of airflow is measured. The switching element is repeatedly turned ON and OFF so as to cause the positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor element to generate heat at a preset temperature, thereby applying a pulse voltage from the power supply to the positive-temperature-coefficient thermistor element. The airflow velocity measuring apparatus measures the velocity of airflow at the measuring point based on the waveform of this pulse voltage. Adding of a second switch makes it possible to correct measurement errors caused by a rise or a fall in the temperature of subject airflow.