A light detection device including a substrate, a first light detector, a second light detector, and a switch element is provided. The first light detector is disposed on the substrate and includes a first active layer. The second light detector is disposed between the substrate and the first light detector and includes a second active layer. The switch element is disposed on the substrate. A horizontal projection of the second active layer on the substrate completely falls within a horizontal projection of the first active layer on the substrate. A negative electrode of the first light detector and a negative electrode of the second light detector are electrically connected to the switch element via a first metal layer.

An image sensor capable of recording both spectral and polarization properties of light using a single chip device includes an at least 2048 by 2048 array of superpixels. Each superpixel includes an array of spectral pixels, and an adjacent array of polarization pixels. Each spectral pixel includes a spectral filter and a stack of photodiodes, where each photodiode has a different quantum efficiency and is, therefore, sensitive to a different wavelength of light passed by the spectral filter. Each polarization pixel includes a polarization filter and a stack of photodiodes, similar to the spectral pixel photodiode stacks.

An optical detector system provides beam positioning data to an optical tracking system to facilitate optical communications. The optical detector system comprises a plurality of optical photodetectors. For example, a two-by-two array may be used. Incoming light passes through one or more optical elements, such as a lens and a dispersive optical element. A first portion of the beam entering the optical elements is directed into a first spot having a first area on the array. A second portion of the beam entering the optical elements is dispersed to form a second spot having a second area on the array that is larger than the first area. This combination of first portion and second portion of the beam incident on the array provides unambiguous information in the output of the photodetectors that is indicative of a position of the incoming beam with respect to the array.

Example embodiments described herein involve a system for testing a light-emitting module. The light-emitting module may include a mounting platform configured to hold a light-emitting module for a camera. The mounting platform may also be configured to rotate. The system may further include a housing holding a plurality of photodiodes arranged in an array over at least a 90 degree arc of a hemisphere. The system may also include a controller configured to control the photodiodes and the rotation of the mounting platform.

Methods of sensor readout and calibration and circuits for performing the methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include driving an active sensor at a voltage. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration sensor, and the circuits include the calibration sensor. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration current source and circuits include the calibration current source. In some embodiments, a sensor circuit includes a Sigma-Delta ADC. In some embodiments, a column of sensors is readout using first and second readout circuits during a same row time.

A far infrared sensor package includes a package body and a plurality of far infrared sensor array integrated circuits. The plurality of far infrared sensor array integrated circuits are disposed on a same plane and inside the package body. Each of the far infrared sensor array integrated circuits includes a far infrared sensing element array of a same size.

An optical sensor includes a substrate having a plurality of first light receiving elements in a surface, and a light blocking film having a plurality of first openings. The first light receiving elements are provided such that a direction of travel of incident light defined by each of the first openings is different from a thickness direction of the substrate and form at least one light receiving element set in which an angle of incidence defined between the direction of travel of the incident light and the thickness direction is the same with respect to the light receiving elements. In a view projected in the thickness direction, a positional relationship between the first light receiving elements included in a light receiving element set and the corresponding first openings has rotational symmetry of order 3 or more about an axis along the thickness direction.

The optical measurement apparatus includes an interface unit and a measuring unit. The interface unit is configured to receive a synchronization signal transmitted from a PLC to a fieldbus at a constant communication cycle, and output, in synchronization with the synchronization signal, a result of measurement (a measured value) by the optical measurement apparatus and a synchronization supervisory signal. The measuring unit is configured to execute optical measurement at a measurement cycle irrelevant to the communication cycle and generate a result of the measurement and a synchronization supervisory signal. The measuring unit sets the synchronization supervisory signal into an ON state in synchronization with receipt of the synchronization signal by the interface unit after start of the measurement, and sets the synchronization supervisory signal into an OFF state in synchronization with receipt of the synchronization signal by the interface unit when the interface unit outputs the measurement result.

Methods of sensor readout and calibration and circuits for performing the methods are disclosed. In some embodiments, the methods include driving an active sensor at a voltage. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration sensor, and the circuits include the calibration sensor. In some embodiments, the methods include use of a calibration current source and circuits include the calibration current source. In some embodiments, a sensor circuit includes a Sigma-Delta ADC. In some embodiments, a column of sensors is readout using first and second readout circuits during a same row time.

This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus for controlling transitions in an optically switchable device. In one aspect, a controller for a tintable window may include a processor, an input for receiving output signals from sensors, and instructions for causing the processor to determine a level of tint of the tintable window, and an output for controlling the level of tint in the tintable window. The instructions may include a relationship between the received output signals and the level of tint, with the relationship employing output signals from an exterior photosensor, an interior photosensor, an occupancy sensor, an exterior temperature sensor, and a transmissivity sensor. In some instances, the controller may receive output signals over a network and/or be interfaced with a network, and in some instances, the controller may be a standalone controller that is not interfaced with a network.