A method for quantifying an exposure dose for a surface is disclosed. The method may include emitting one or more beams of 222 nm light onto a portion of the surface using one or more far ultraviolet (UV) light sources capable of emitting 222 nm light, the portion of the surface being coated with one or more fluorescent coatings. The method may include capturing images of the portion of the surface. The method may include adjusting one or more image characteristics for the captured images using one or more filtering methods. The method may include generating a histogram of the adjusted images based on the one or more filtering methods. The method may include determining a pixel surface area for the generated histogram. The method may include calculating the exposure dose for the surface based on the generated pixel surface area and a predetermined calibration curve.

A system for monitoring ultraviolet (UV) exposure of a wearer. The system comprises a wearable device operable to sense UV radiation levels to which the wearer is exposed, and to transmit UV radiation information. The system further comprises an external computing device in remote communication with the wearable device, operable to receive the UV radiation information from the wearable device and configured to determine the wearer's real-time UV index value and the wearer's daily cumulative percentage of minimal erythema dose based upon the UV radiation information.

An excimer bulb assembly including an excimer bulb and a pass filter such that the excimer bulb assembly does not emit substantial UV radiation in wavelengths longer than 231 nm, 232 nm, 233 nm, 234 nm or 235 nm. The wavelengths are measured at an incident angle of zero (0) degrees to the filter plane. The pass filter is preferably constructed of a plurality of layers of hafnium oxide, and most preferably constructed of less than seventy five (75)layers of hafnium oxide. The excimer bulb, pass filter, and two electrical connectors may be adapted to form a cartridge which may be adapted to swivel along its main axis. The cartridge may further include a smart chip. The smart chip may retain and store information regarding the assembly and preferably retains hours of use of the excimer bulb.

A UV C light source including a UV C bulb adapted to emit and project UV C light at a wavelength and an interchangeable UV C light modifier through which at least a portion of the UV C light emitted from said UV C bulb is projected. The UV C light modifier may be reflective, such as a reflector, perforated, holographic material, or mechanical modifier such as a barn door. The UV C light modifier might produce a narrow pattern, circular pattern, flat pattern, or asymmetrical pattern or other desired geometric pattern, or upper air pattern. The UV C light modifier is easily removed and interchanged or may be selectable such as by receiving a base UV C fixture including the UV C light source of the present invention and selecting a desired light modifier.

An anti-copy electronic device contains: a wireless signal controller having a sensor, and the wireless signal controller and the sensor are accommodated in a casing. The sensor has humidity detection, pressure detection, lights detection, color temperature detection, ultraviolet (UV) detection, and special gases detection in an interior space of the casing. After the casing is removed, the sensor detects a change of humidity, pressure, lights, color temperature, ultraviolet (UV), and special gases in the interior space and sends an indication signal to the wireless signal controller so that the wireless signal controller destroys a password setting program of the wireless signal controller, thus avoiding copy of the password setting program.

A UV radiation sensor that includes an area that is filled with a dielectric material, the area comprises a first portion of a first thickness and a second trench portion with dielectric of a second thickness, wherein the first thickness is smaller than the second thickness; a floating gate that comprises a first floating gate portion that is positioned above the first area portion and a second floating gate portion that is positioned above the trench portion, wherein the second floating gate portion comprises multiple segments, wherein there are one or more gaps between two or more of the multiple segments; a charging element for charging the floating gate; and a readout element for reading the floating gate.

An optoelectronic device includes a flexible substrate, a cerium oxide (CeO.sub.2) layer arranged on the flexible substrate, a single crystal β-III-oxide layer arranged on the CeO.sub.2 layer, and a metallic contact layer arranged on the single crystal β-III-oxide layer.

An electrostatically controlled sensor includes a GaN/AlGaN heterostructure having a 2DEG channel in the GaN layer. Source and drain contacts are electrically coupled to the 2DEG channel through the AlGaN layer. A gate dielectric is formed over the AlGaN layer, and gate electrodes are formed over the gate dielectric, wherein each gate electrode extends substantially entirely between the source and drain contacts, wherein the gate electrodes are separated by one or more gaps (which also extend substantially entirely between the source and drain contacts). Each of the one or more gaps defines a corresponding sensing area between the gate electrodes for receiving an external influence. A bias voltage is applied to the gate electrodes, such that regions of the 2DEG channel below the gate electrodes are completely depleted, and regions of the 2DEG channel below the one or more gaps in the direction from source to drain are partially depleted.

Devices and methods for detecting a disinfecting state are described. An example of a sensor device is disclosed to include: a housing; a radiation sensitive material disposed on one or more portions of an external surface of the housing; a sensor configured to measure intensity information associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation of a first frequency band; a controller configured to record the intensity information, temporal information associated with measuring the intensity information, or both; and a transceiver device configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals.

Devices and methods for detecting a disinfecting state are described. An example of a sensor device is disclosed to include: a housing; a radiation sensitive material disposed on one or more portions of an external surface of the housing; a sensor configured to measure intensity information associated with ultraviolet (UV) radiation of a first frequency band; a controller configured to record the intensity information, temporal information associated with measuring the intensity information, or both; and a transceiver device configured to transmit and receive radio frequency (RF) signals.