A remote sampling sensor for determining characteristics of a sample includes measurement optics and an insertion probe. The measurement optics are configured to emit light and detect returned light. The insertion probe includes a chamber, the chamber being configured to permit the sample to enter the chamber, an insertion tip at a distal end of the insertion probe, and a retro-reflective optic adjacent the insertion tip. The retro-reflective optic is configured to return the light from the measurement optics through the chamber to the measurement optics. The insertion probe is configured to be remotely located from the measurement optics.

Systems and methods are provided for measuring the mechanical properties of ocular tissue, such as the lens or corneal tissue, for diagnosis as well as treatment monitoring purposes. A laser locking feedback system is provided to achieve frequency accuracy and sensitivity that facilitates operations and diagnosis with great sensitivity and accuracy. Differential comparisons between eye tissue regions of a patient, either on the same eye or a fellow eye, can further facilitate early diagnosis and monitoring.

Object: To provide a remote substance identification device that can identify an unidentified substance, such as a harmful substance, from a remote location. Solution: Provided are a remote substance identification device and method, the device comprising a laser device 10 that emits a laser beam to an irradiated space; a wavelength conversion device 20 that converts a wavelength of the laser beam emitted from the laser device into a plurality of different wavelengths and that emits laser beams of the different wavelengths to the irradiated space; a light collecting-detecting device 30, 40, 50 that collects and detects resonance Raman-scattered light generated from an irradiated object due to resonance Raman scattering; and a processor 60 that identifies the irradiated object on the basis of a result detected by the collecting-detecting device 30, 40, 50.

A protective sheath having a closed end and an open end is sized to receive a hand held spectrometer. The spectrometer can be placed in the sheath to calibrate the spectrometer and to measure samples. In a calibration orientation, an optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the closed end of the sheath where a calibration material is located. In a measurement orientation, the optical head of the spectrometer can be oriented toward the open end of the sheath in order to measure a sample. To change the orientation, the spectrometer can be removed from the sheath container and placed in the sheath container with the calibration orientation or the measurement orientation. Accessory container covers can be provided and placed on the open end of the sheath with samples placed therein in order to provide improved measurements.

Exemplary apparatus for method for forming at least one spectral encoding endoscopy configuration. For example, it is possible to modify a spacer configuration and an lens optics configuration to have respective predetermined lengths, and also to modify a dispersive optics configuration to have a further predetermined length. Further, the modified spacer and modified lens optics configurations can be attached to one another to form a combined spacer-lens optics configuration. The modified dispersive optics configuration can be attached to a substrate to form to form a grating substrate configuration. Additionally, the combined spacer-lens optics configuration can be connected to an optical fiber, and the modified attached dispersed optics configuration can be connected to the modified attached lens optics configuration to form the spectral encoding endoscopy configuration(s) which can extends along a particular axis. The dispersive optics configuration can be modified to be at a predetermined angle with respect to the particular axis.

An arrangement for measuring gas concentrations in a gas absorption method, wherein the arrangement includes a plurality of light sources, a measuring cell, at least one measuring receiver and an evaluation apparatus. The measuring cell has a narrow, longitudinally-extended beam path with an entrance-side opening diameter B and an absorption length L with L>B, wherein the measuring cell has a gas inlet and a gas outlet wherein a plurality of light sources of different wavelength spectra is grouped into a first light source group wherein an optical homogeniser is interposed between the first light source group and the measuring cell, wherein, in particular, the homogeniser is coupled to the light source group directly or via a common optical assembly.

A radiation measuring device for measuring electromagnetic radiation originating from an external source. The radiation measuring device includes, a spectrometer, a pyranometer, a pyrgeometer, a diffuser, and a control unit. The spectrometer and a pyranometer are positioned in a sensor zone of a housing of the radiation measuring device. The spectrometer measures visible shortwave radiation and near-infrared shortwave radiation received at the sensor zone. The pyranometer measures shortwave radiation received at the sensor zone. The pyrgeometer is positioned in another sensor zone of the housing and measures longwave radiation received at the other sensor zone. The control unit receives radiation measurements from the spectrometer, pyranometer, and pyrgeometer. A corrected amount of radiation received at the sensor zones of the radiation measuring device is determined from the received radiation measurements. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

A stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) spectrometer for real-time, high-resolution molecular analysis of gases is based on two hollow-core fibres illuminated by a single high-power, short-pulse laser pump. The first fibre is prefilled with high-concentration target gases. Interaction of each target gas inside the first fibre, with the laser pump, generates Raman signals corresponding to the target gases. The combined beam of the Raman signals and the pump laser beam is directed into the second fibre containing the measured target gases. Interaction of each target gas with the combined beam generates the Stimulated Raman Growth (SRG), i.e., amplification of the Raman signal, which is proportional to the corresponding target gas concentration. A receiver subsystem receives the beam from the second fibre, spectrally separates it to wavelengths corresponding to each target gas, extracts the SRG value corresponding to each target gas and calculates the concentration of each target gas.

An imaging device includes: an area light source including an emission surface from which a sub-terahertz wave is emitted to a measurement target; and a detector including an image sensor that receives a reflected wave generated by the measurement target reflecting the sub-terahertz wave emitted from the emission surface. The area light source includes: at least one point light source that emits a sub-terahertz wave; and a reflector that reflects the sub-terahertz wave emitted from the at least one point light source, to generate a sub-terahertz wave to be emitted from the emission surface. The reflector has a reflection surface that is a bumpy surface which includes two or more frequency components in a spatial frequency range and whose roughness curve element mean length RSm is at least 0.3 mm.

The single-use disposable spectrophotometer described herein can measure one or more blood chemistry analytes from a drop of whole blood. A passive filtration system takes whole blood and delivers plasma along with a dissolved reporter molecule to one or more spectrophotometers which can operate with narrow band optical spectrum centered on an optical detection frequency. The spectrophotometer detects the changes in absorption of the plasma as a result of a chemistry reaction to determine the concentration or activity of one or more analytes.