A method of analyzing a phase transformation process of a material comprises providing a spherical sample of the material, measuring and recording a first data series of core temperature at the sample's center of gravity, measuring and recording a respective second data series of temperature at the sample's periphery, measuring and recording a respective third data series of radial displacements at the sample's periphery, and calculating a change in pressure in the sample at a plurality of points in time based on first, second and third said data series.

A method for producing a soldered connection between at least two components is provided, in which the components are heated for melting a solder in a soldering area. The heating of the soldering area and/or the supply of solder to the soldering area is realized depending on the temperature which is determined by non-contact detection of heat radiation emitted from at least one temperature measurement zone of one of the components. In order to improve the method such that the emissivity of the at least one temperature measurement zone can be increased with high process reliability and with at most a slight adverse effect on the electrical connection between the electrical components, it is proposed that the at least one temperature measurement zone be locally heated for increasing its emissivity. Furthermore, an electrical plug-in connector for producing a soldered connection and use of such a plug-in connector are proposed.

A sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron includes a sample chamber assembly having a cover plate and a housing. The housing has first and second openings for an inflow conduit and a gas coupler, respectively. The first face has an analysis zone, a ventilation zone, and a distribution zone. A depth of the analysis zone is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The cover plate and the housing are assembled together to form a sample cavity. The sample chamber assembly chills the molten iron received therein to a solidified white structure metal sample. An analysis surface of the sample lies in a first plane. In a flow direction of the molten iron, there are no increases in width of the sample cavity and a ratio of the length to depth of the sample cavity increases.

A method of analyzing a phase transformation process of a material comprises providing a spherical sample of the material, measuring and recording a first data series of core temperature at the sample's center of gravity, measuring and recording a respective second data series of temperature at the sample's periphery, measuring and recording a respective third data series of radial displacements at the sample's periphery, and calculating a change in pressure in the sample at a plurality of points in time based on first, second and third said data series.

Provided is a replacement system for a metallurgical temperature measuring and sampling probe (200). The replacement system is arranged at a temperature measuring gun (100) for measuring the temperature of a molten metal ladle, and comprises: a six-axis manipulator (1), a clamping tool (2) mounted at a tail end of the six-axis manipulator (1), a shelf (3) for storing the temperature measuring and sampling probe (200), a shearing machine (4), and a waste material box (5), wherein the temperature measuring gun (100), the shelf (3), the shearing machine (4), and the waste material box (5) are sequentially arranged in different directions within a rotation range of the six-axis manipulator (1), respectively; the waste material box (5) is arranged close to the shearing machine (4); the clamping tool (2) comprises a base (21), a clamping jaw (22) configured to clamp the temperature measuring and sampling probe (200) and a positioning jaw (23) which are arranged in parallel at a front end of the base (21), and a detection device (24) located between the clamping jaw (22) and the positioning jaw (23); a center line of a clamping space of the clamping jaw (22) and a center line of a positioning space of the positioning jaw (23) are located on the same axis, and a detection source of the detection device (24) passes through the axis. Instead of manually sleeving or pulling out the temperature measuring and sampling probe (200), the replacement system can reduce the labor intensity of operators, reduce the harm of the high-risk environment to health, and improve the working efficiency. Further disclosed is a replacement method of the replacement system for the metallurgical temperature measuring and sampling probe (200).

A sampler for taking samples from a molten metal bath, particularly a molten iron includes a sample chamber assembly having a cover plate and a housing. The housing has first and second openings for an inflow conduit and a gas coupler, respectively. The first face has an analysis zone, a ventilation zone, and a distribution zone. A depth of the analysis zone is 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. The cover plate and the housing are assembled together to form a sample cavity. The sample chamber assembly chills the molten iron received therein to a solidified white structure metal sample. An analysis surface of the sample lies in a first plane. In a flow direction of the molten iron, there are no increases in width of the sample cavity and a ratio of the length to depth of the sample cavity increases.

A method for producing a soldered connection between at least two components is provided, in which the components are heated for melting a solder in a soldering area. The heating of the soldering area and/or the supply of solder to the soldering area is realized depending on the temperature which is determined by non-contact detection of heat radiation emitted from at least one temperature measurement zone of one of the components. In order to improve the method such that the emissivity of the at least one temperature measurement zone can be increased with high process reliability and with at most a slight adverse effect on the electrical connection between the electrical components, it is proposed that the at least one temperature measurement zone be locally heated for increasing its emissivity. Furthermore, an electrical plug-in connector for producing a soldered connection and use of such a plug-in connector are proposed.

A drop-in probe includes a measurement head having an immersion end and an opposing second end having an end face. The measurement head is formed of first and second body halves configured to mate together along a parting line. A sample chamber, arranged within the measurement head, is thermally isolated from a cooling mass thereof and includes a metal wall having a thickness of 2.5 mm or less. An inlet tube has an inlet opening to the sample chamber. The inlet opening has a diameter D.sub.inlet and is spaced apart from the end face of the measurement head at a distance of at least $\frac{D_{\mathrm{inlet}}}{2}.$
When the sample chamber is filled with a sample of the molten metal, a ratio of a mass of the metal sample to a mass of the metal wall of the sample chamber is greater than 2.6 and less than 6.