A measurement system includes: a vibration-driven energy harvesting unit that generates electric power from sound, vibration, or displacement; a power supply controller that controls an amount of power consumption of a power supply based on the electric power generated by the vibration-driven energy harvesting unit; a detector that is driven by electric power supplied by the power supply controller and detects an environment state quantity; and a transmitter that is driven by electric power supplied by the power supply controller and transmits information regarding the environment state quantity detected by the detector.

A measurement system includes: a vibration-driven energy harvesting unit that generates electric power from sound, vibration, or displacement; a power supply controller that controls an amount of power consumption of a power supply based on the electric power generated by the vibration-driven energy harvesting unit; a detector that is driven by electric power supplied by the power supply controller and detects an environment state quantity; and a transmitter that is driven by electric power supplied by the power supply controller and transmits information regarding the environment state quantity detected by the detector.

A measurement system includes a vibration generation unit that generates sound or vibration in response to a change in environmental state quantity, a vibration-driven energy harvesting unit that generates electric power using the sound or vibration generated by the vibration generation unit, and a transmission unit that is driven with the electric power generated by the vibration-driven energy harvesting unit and transmits predetermined information.

A measurement system includes a vibration generation unit that generates sound or vibration in response to a change in environmental state quantity, a vibration-driven energy harvesting unit that generates electric power using the sound or vibration generated by the vibration generation unit, and a transmission unit that is driven with the electric power generated by the vibration-driven energy harvesting unit and transmits predetermined information.

The present disclosure provides an ammonia sensor and method of use. The sensor includes: at least one thermal indicator component independently selected from an electronic thermal sensor, an irreversible temperature indicator, and a heat-shrinkable film; an acid-functional porous sorbent in thermal contact with the at least one thermal indicator component; and an acid having a boiling point above 120° C. and a pKa of no greater than 2.5. The acid is impregnated in or covalently attached to the porous sorbent. The method includes: placing an ammonia sensor in contact with a container holding a volume of ammonia; and monitoring the ammonia sensor for a detectable response from the at least one thermal indicator component due to contact of ammonia with the acid that generates thermal energy sufficient to cause the response.

Temperature control device (1) has a hot water inlet (12), a cold water inlet (14) and an outlet (16) for tempered water. A diffuser (18) is provided in the device (1) to disrupt the flow of hot water after it enters the device (1). The disrupted hot water emerges from the diffuser (18) into a chamber (20) in which it is melded with cold water that is able to enter the chamber (20) from the inlet (14) when a piston (22) is spaced from a seat (24). The melded hot and cold water result in tempered water that is discharged from the outlet (16). A temperature sensitive device (26) is provided, which is responsive to changes in ambient temperature. A temperature setting mechanism (52) is provided which is operatively associated with the temperature sensitive device (26) and permits the maximum temperature of the discharged tempered water to be adjusted.

A novel high temperature thermal sensing method and device is disclosed that can employ a dual-sensing platinum resistor encased in a mono-crystalline alpha-alumina (sapphire) substrate. The device can comprise four platinum trace elements, oriented with 90° rotational symmetry atop a 1120 oriented crystal lattice substrate. The resistance temperature detectors (RTD) temperature measurement calibration can then be monitored for drift and corrected by comparing the differential strain-derived measurement of temperature to the temperature derived from the RTD measurement. This can allow the device to self-calibrate via comparison of two functionally independent measures of electron mobility and operate in extreme environments which have previously caused RTD sensors to drift from their initial calibration and introduce an undefined measurement error.

A novel high temperature thermal sensing method and device is disclosed that can employ a dual-sensing platinum resistor encased in a mono-crystalline alpha-alumina (sapphire) substrate. The device can comprise four platinum trace elements, oriented with 90° rotational symmetry atop a 1120 oriented crystal lattice substrate. The resistance temperature detectors (RTD) temperature measurement calibration can then be monitored for drift and corrected by comparing the differential strain-derived measurement of temperature to the temperature derived from the RTD measurement. This can allow the device to self-calibrate via comparison of two functionally independent measures of electron mobility and operate in extreme environments which have previously caused RTD sensors to drift from their initial calibration and introduce an undefined measurement error.

A load test device includes: a resistor unit that includes a plurality of resistors that receive supplied power and a wall (holding frame) that holds opposite ends of each of the plurality of resistors; and an insulating cap that is attached to a portion of a terminal of the resistor that protrudes from the wall. The cap is composed of a material that is deformed by heat. When a temperature of the terminal becomes equal to or higher than a first temperature, the cap is deformed by heat and detached from the terminal.

A load test device includes: a resistor unit that includes a plurality of resistors that receive supplied power and a wall (holding frame) that holds opposite ends of each of the plurality of resistors; and an insulating cap that is attached to a portion of a terminal of the resistor that protrudes from the wall. The cap is composed of a material that is deformed by heat. When a temperature of the terminal becomes equal to or higher than a first temperature, the cap is deformed by heat and detached from the terminal.