A linear detector element includes an outer sheath having a first end and a second end, one or more shape memory responsive elements within the outer sheath and between the first end and the second end and first and second conductive wires passing through at least a portion of the outer sheath and through the one or more shape memory responsive elements. The one more shape memory responsive elements include a shape memory actuator surrounding the first and second conductive wires and that has an expanded size and a contracted size and that is sized and arranged such that when the shape memory actuator is in the contracted state the first and second conductive wires contact one another and when the shape memory actuator is in the expanded state the first and second conductive wires do not contact one another.

An optical fiber temperature distribution measuring device includes: an optical fiber as a sensor; a calculation control unit for measuring a temperature distribution along the optical fiber by using backward Raman scattered light from the optical fiber; a far-end-position dispersion characteristic calculation unit for obtaining a dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber at a far-end position thereof; a per-unit-length dispersion characteristic calculation unit for obtaining a per-unit-length dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber based on the dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber at the far-end position thereof; and a correction parameter calculation unit for calculating a correction parameter for correcting a dispersion characteristic of the optical fiber based on a dispersion characteristic at each of different positions along the optical fiber.

The present invention includes a body case having a biological sample sensor mounting portion on one end side, a temperature sensor (A) provided on the one end side inside the body case, a measurement portion connected to the biological sample sensor mounting portion, and a control portion connected to the measurement portion. A temperature sensor (B) is provided on one other end side inside the body case, and when measurement is performed by the measurement portion, temperature change amounts in the two end portions are compared using the temperature sensors (A) and (B). Furthermore, a measurement value obtained by the measurement portion is corrected using temperature information from either one of the temperature sensors (A) or (B) that is provided in the end portion on the side where the temperature change is smaller.

A self-powered sensing system is provided for the monitoring of quasi-static structural responses. The sensing system is comprised of: an energy concentrator having a member configured to detect a variation of a physical stimuli and change shape in response to the variation of the physical stimuli, where the variation typically occurs at a frequency less than one Hertz; a transducer coupled the member of the energy concentrator and generates a voltage in response to the change in shape of the member; and an event logging circuit configured to receive the voltage from the transducer and log the voltage in a non-volatile memory. Physical stimuli may include temperature, pressure or an applied force.

A self-powered sensing system is provided for the monitoring of quasi-static structural responses. The sensing system is comprised of: an energy concentrator having a member configured to detect a variation of a physical stimuli and change shape in response to the variation of the physical stimuli, where the variation typically occurs at a frequency less than one Hertz; a transducer coupled the member of the energy concentrator and generates a voltage in response to the change in shape of the member; and an event logging circuit configured to receive the voltage from the transducer and log the voltage in a non-volatile memory. Physical stimuli may include temperature, pressure or an applied force.

A method for evaluating a measurement result of a thermal analysis. A program-controlled computer unit is used to calculate at least one probability of the agreement of the measurement result with at least one dataset previously stored in the computer unit, wherein this calculation is based on a comparison of effect data previously extracted from a measurement curve of the thermal analysis with corresponding stored effect data of the dataset. The evaluation can advantageously include, an automatic recognition and classification of measurement curves and can be carried out in particular more efficiently, more economically and more quickly than previously, with at the same time a high quality of evaluation.

In order to determine a volume thermal expansion coefficient of a liquid, a sample of the liquid is placed inside a cell of a calorimeter followed by an incremental increase of pressure inside the cell containing the liquid. After each pressure increase heat flow into the cell and volume of the liquid are measured. Based on results of the measurements of the heat flow and accounting for initially evaluated cell volume, the volume thermal expansion of the liquid is determined.

An expansion ratio detection system for rubber, including a controller, a rubber sampling module, a rubber calender, a temperature control module, and an expansion ratio detection module. The rubber sampling module obtains a rubber to be tested consistent with a weight value. After the temperature control module determines that the rubber to be tested has reached a first temperature value, the rubber calender outputs the rubber to be tested having a thickness value. The expansion ratio detection module obtains an expansion ratio according to twice the thickness value and a roller pitch.

An expansion ratio detection system for rubber, including a controller, a rubber sampling module, a rubber calender, a temperature control module, and an expansion ratio detection module. The rubber sampling module obtains a rubber to be tested consistent with a weight value. After the temperature control module determines that the rubber to be tested has reached a first temperature value, the rubber calender outputs the rubber to be tested having a thickness value. The expansion ratio detection module obtains an expansion ratio according to twice the thickness value and a roller pitch.

A switching system contains a switch for medium voltages and/or high voltages, wherein the switch has a first electrical connection on a first side of the switch, and a second electrical connection on a second side of the switch. A medium voltage or high voltage is supplied to the switch via the first electrical connection, and a medium voltage or high voltage is conducted away from the switch via the second electrical connection, or vice versa. A temperature measuring unit is provided. The temperature measuring unit has a temperature measuring head, a temperature transmission element, a temperature transmission medium, a temperature conversion element, and a temperature signaling device.