Tires including a tire bodies formed of one or more tire plies are disclosed. In some implementations, tire plies may include a temperature sensor that may detect a temperature of a respective tire ply. The temperature sensor may include a ceramic material organized as a matrix and one or more split-ring resonators (SRRs). Each of the SRRs may have a natural resonance frequency configured to shift in response to one or more of a change in an elastomeric property or a change in the temperature of a respective one or more tire plies. The temperature sensor may include an electrically-conductive layer dielectrically separated from a respective one or more SRRs. A thickness each of the SRRs may be approximately between 0.1 micrometers (μm) and 100 μm.

A method for monitoring the condition of a coil, wherein the coil is part of a device for determining at least one process variable of a medium in a container, includes applying an electrical excitation signal to the coil and receiving an electrical reception signal from the coil, determining a first value for the reception signal at a first predefinable measurement time, comparing the first value for the reception signal at the first measurement time with a reference value, and determining a condition indicator for the coil on the basis of the comparison. Disclosed also is a device that is designed for carrying out the disclosed method.

A beam shutter for a laser beam includes a main body, a magnetic field sensor, a holding arm having release and closure positions, a reflecting optical unit and a permanent magnet producing a magnetic field having reduced strength upon heating above a limit temperature. The magnet is closer to the sensor in the closure than the release position. A controller deactivates a laser light source at reduced magnetic field measured by the sensor, when passing a predefined strength and/or gradient magnetic field threshold. A laser arrangement includes a laser light source and beam shutter. The laser beam strikes the reflecting unit in the closure position. An operating method includes bringing the holding arm into closure position, operating the laser light source, measuring magnetic field strength and/or gradient using the sensor, deactivating the laser light source when the magnetic field drops and passes the predefined magnetic field threshold.

A magnetostrictive-type sensor temperature-detecting circuit configured to be used in a magnetostrictive-type sensor including an applied stress-detecting coil, and a driving section to output an alternating voltage, excite the coil with a resulting alternating electric current, and switch flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil in response to switching voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage, to detect a temperature of the coil in the sensor. This temperature-detecting circuit includes an alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section to detect an amount of time from when the voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage are switched until when the flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil are switched, and a temperature-computing section to compute the temperature of the coil on the basis of the amount of time detected by the alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section.

A magnetostrictive-type sensor temperature-detecting circuit configured to be used in a magnetostrictive-type sensor including an applied stress-detecting coil, and a driving section to output an alternating voltage, excite the coil with a resulting alternating electric current, and switch flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil in response to switching voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage, to detect a temperature of the coil in the sensor. This temperature-detecting circuit includes an alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section to detect an amount of time from when the voltage polarities of the output alternating voltage are switched until when the flow directions of the electric current flowing in the coil are switched, and a temperature-computing section to compute the temperature of the coil on the basis of the amount of time detected by the alternating electric current direction switching time-detecting section.

An apparatus for an aerosol generating device includes a heating circuit including an inductive element for inductively heating a susceptor arrangement to heat an aerosol generating material to thereby generate an aerosol, a temperature determiner for determining a temperature of the susceptor arrangement based on one or more electrical properties of the heating circuit influenced by the temperature of the susceptor arrangement, and a control arrangement. Aerosol generating systems and methods of operating an aerosol generating system are also provided.

Tires formed of one or more tire plies are disclosed. In some implementations, tire plies may include a temperature sensor that may detect a temperature of a respective tire ply. The temperature sensor may include one or more split-ring resonators (SRRs), each having a resonance frequency that changes in response to one or more of a change in an elastomeric property or a change in the temperature of a respective one or more tire plies. In some aspects, the temperature sensor may include an electrically-conductive layer dielectrically separated from a respective one or more SRRs.

Systems and methods for sensing, measuring, or monitoring the temperature of an electrical transmission line of an electrical cable, are provided. A temperature sensitive inductor is disposed in thermal contact with the electrical transmission line. The temperature of the electrical transmission line can be sensed, measured, or monitored by measuring the inductance of the temperature sensitive inductor. Mechanisms and methods to eliminate, minimize, or account for the magnetic coupling between the current carried by the electrical transmission line and the temperature sensitive inductor are provided.

There is provided a susceptor assembly configured to inductively heat an aerosol-forming substrate under influence of an alternating magnetic field, the susceptor assembly including a first susceptor including a first susceptor material and a second susceptor including a second susceptor material, the first and the second susceptor materials being chosen such that during pre-heating of the susceptor assembly starting at room temperature a resistance-over-temperature profile of the susceptor assembly has a minimum value of resistance in a temperature range of ±5 degree Celsius around a Curie temperature of the second susceptor material. There is also provided an inductive heating assembly, an aerosol-generating device, and an aerosol-generating system including the susceptor assembly.

A circuit interrupting device with overload current detection is provided. It comprises a hot conductor, a main contactor and a first electromagnetic device configured to remove power from an electrical circuit when overload current exceeds a predetermined % of a rated load current. It further comprises a section of conductor that generates heat and a thermal overload current detection mechanism including a temperature sensing switch having contacts. The temperature sensing switch closes the contacts when a temperature reaches a predefined temperature threshold corresponding to an overload current, in which case the temperature sensing switch electrically couples power to a second electromagnet which is disposed across the hot conductor and a connection to a neutral conductor. The energized second electromagnet generates a magnetic force capable of moving an armature that unlatches the latch releasing the spring to open the main contactor removing power from the electrical circuit.