Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a pulse counter for fluid pressure changes. The pulse counter may include: a first and a second housing part with a fluid passage; a circuit board at least partially enclosed within the housing, the circuit board comprising a light pulse transmitter and a light pulse receiver; a battery at least partially within the housing, the battery supplying electric power to the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; a rod slidably arranged within the housing, with one end of the rod within the fluid passage, and a second end arranged at least partly breaking a light pulse between the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; and a spring forcing the rod away from the light pulse and towards the fluid passage.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a pulse counter for fluid pressure changes. The pulse counter may include: a first and a second housing part with a fluid passage; a circuit board at least partially enclosed within the housing, the circuit board comprising a light pulse transmitter and a light pulse receiver; a battery at least partially within the housing, the battery supplying electric power to the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; a rod slidably arranged within the housing, with one end of the rod within the fluid passage, and a second end arranged at least partly breaking a light pulse between the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; and a spring forcing the rod away from the light pulse and towards the fluid passage.

There are provided a plug built-in type optical measurement probe capable of obtaining a more accurate measurement value, and an optical measurement device provided with the same. A spark section and a light receiving section are held by a plug main body while being arranged next to each other in a protruding manner such that an end face of a holder is arranged at a position where discharge light from the spark section does not enter the field of view of the light receiving section. Accordingly, the light receiving section can be held in a manner protruding from the plug main body, and entering of the discharge light from the spark section can be restricted by the holder of the light receiving section. That is, by arranging the end face of the holder at a position where the discharge light from the spark section does not enter the field of view of the light receiving section, the light receiving intensity of the discharge light from the spark section can be prevented from being added to a measurement value, and it is possible to measure only the light generated at the time of combustion, and thus, a more accurate measurement value can be obtained.

There are provided a plug built-in type optical measurement probe capable of obtaining a more accurate measurement value, and an optical measurement device provided with the same. A spark section and a light receiving section are held by a plug main body while being arranged next to each other in a protruding manner such that an end face of a holder is arranged at a position where discharge light from the spark section does not enter the field of view of the light receiving section. Accordingly, the light receiving section can be held in a manner protruding from the plug main body, and entering of the discharge light from the spark section can be restricted by the holder of the light receiving section. That is, by arranging the end face of the holder at a position where the discharge light from the spark section does not enter the field of view of the light receiving section, the light receiving intensity of the discharge light from the spark section can be prevented from being added to a measurement value, and it is possible to measure only the light generated at the time of combustion, and thus, a more accurate measurement value can be obtained.

An apparatus and method for determining a temperature in a system having an object, an optical sensor, and a gas flow passing between the object and the optical sensor, sensing, with the optical sensor, a wavelength emitted from the object and indicative of an attenuation, sensing, with the optical sensor, a wavelength emitted from the object and indicative of a temperature of at least one of the object or the gas; and calculating a temperature of the gas using the wavelengths.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

An adaptive, any-fuel reciprocating engine using sensor feedback integration of high-speed optical sensors with real-time control loops to adaptively manage the electronic actuation schemes over a range of engine loads and fuels. The engine uses one or more optical sensors to collect specific types of gas property data via a spectroscopic technique to adaptively control various components within the engine.

An overpressure indicator is defined by a housing sized and configured for attachment within a compartment interior, such as an aircraft nacelle. A pressure sensing element disposed within the housing is coupled to an indicator element and is configured to detect a pressure differential between the interior and exterior of the compartment. The indicator element is caused to move in response to a predetermined change in pressure exceeding a threshold pressure differential. The indicator element includes a distal end that is moved to a position exterior of the housing and the compartment, providing a visual indication of an overpressure condition. A reset feature provided on the indicator can only be accessed by first opening the compartment in which the indicator has been mounted. A spring can be provided to assist in the triggering of the indicator member after the threshold pressure differential has been detected.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a pulse counter for fluid pressure changes. The pulse counter may include: a first and a second housing part with a fluid passage; a circuit board at least partially enclosed within the housing, the circuit board comprising a light pulse transmitter and a light pulse receiver; a battery at least partially within the housing, the battery supplying electric power to the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; a rod slidably arranged within the housing, with one end of the rod within the fluid passage, and a second end arranged at least partly breaking a light pulse between the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; and a spring forcing the rod away from the light pulse and towards the fluid passage.

Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a pulse counter for fluid pressure changes. The pulse counter may include: a first and a second housing part with a fluid passage; a circuit board at least partially enclosed within the housing, the circuit board comprising a light pulse transmitter and a light pulse receiver; a battery at least partially within the housing, the battery supplying electric power to the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; a rod slidably arranged within the housing, with one end of the rod within the fluid passage, and a second end arranged at least partly breaking a light pulse between the light pulse transmitter and the light pulse receiver; and a spring forcing the rod away from the light pulse and towards the fluid passage.