A bicycle component comprising a stress/strain sensor aligned according to a stress/strain to be detected, and a temperature sensor associated with said stress/strain sensor, wherein said stress/strain sensor and said temperature sensor lie in planes that do not coincide with one another and are not parallel to each another.

An assembly includes at least three strain gauges and is attached to an elastic transmission element of a strain wave gearing. The assembly is designed to measure a torque acting on the elastic transmission element. Output signals from each of the strain gauges are measured. The output signal of one of the strain gauges is predicted from the measured output signals of the other strain gauges. An error message is output based on the predicted output signal deviating from the respective measured output signal by more than a predetermined tolerance.

A torque sensor includes: a first area, a second area provided around the first area, a plurality of beams connecting the first area and the second area, and a detector configured to detect torque applied between the first area and the second area, the detector being provided on the first area. The detector includes an insulation film layered on the first area and a strain gauge layered on the insulation film and deformable in accordance with the torque.

A power-output torque detection mechanism includes an axle having two ends to which an input assembly and an output assembly drivable by the input assembly are respectively mounted. A torsion coupling assembly is arranged between the input assembly and the output assembly and the torsion coupling assembly is operable to detect a torque value that is transmitted out in a wired manner. As such, it is possible to fulfill fine and precise detection and transmission of a torque value, while avoiding distortion resulting from noise interference to allow subsequent input of assisting power to be more timely and more accurate. Further, the structure is effectively simplified to allow easy production and maintenance for further reducing overall cost.

Aspects of the disclosure include a torque sensor arrangement configured to attach between a first part and a second part to sense torque therebetween, the torque sensor arrangement comprising an interface member having on its exterior an engagement configuration configured to rotationally engage the first part, a torsion member comprising a deflectable body attached at one end thereof to the interface member and comprising, at the other end of the deflectable body, an engagement configuration configured to fixedly engage the second part, and a deflection sensor attached to the deflectable body, wherein the interface member defines a rigid sleeve extending around the deflectable body and the torque sensor arrangement further comprises a bushing located between and in contact with both the sleeve and the deflectable body.

A torque sensor for detecting torque around a predetermined rotation axis, including: a first support body, a second support body, a detection part which connects the first support body and the second support body and which undergoes elastic deformation by exertion of torque to be detected, a detection element which detects elastic deformation occurring at the detection part, and a detection circuit which outputs an electric signal indicating torque around the rotation axis exerted on one of (i) the first support body in a state that a load is applied to the second support body, and (ii) the second support body in a state that a load is applied to the first support body. The detection element includes a capacitive element which includes a displacement electrode fixed to a displacement part and a fixing electrode opposing the displacement electrode. The detection circuit outputs the electric signal indicating the exerted torque based on fluctuation in capacitance value of the capacitive element.

A force sensor device includes a strain generator including a first fixed part secured to a portion transmitting rotational driving force or a portion to which the rotational driving force is transmitted, a second fixed part secured to the portion to which the driving force is transmitted or the portion transmitting the driving force, and a joining part that joins the first fixed part to the second fixed part; a strain detecting sensor that detects deformation in the joining part; and a support member provided with a base secured to the second fixed part, wherein the support member includes a regulator and a protrusion, and wherein, in a support part of the first fixed part, a groove is formed by cutting the support part from an inner surface in a radial direction toward an outer surface, and the protrusion of the support member is inserted into the groove.

A torque transducer for mounting a motor includes a mounting flange, a motor flange, a body, and a strain gauge. The mounting flange is configured to secure the torque transducer to a fixed structure. The motor flange is configured to secure to a motor. The body interconnects the mounting and motor flanges. The body defines a channel about a longitudinal axis of the body and is configured to flex in response to the mounting flange and the motor flange rotating relative to one another in response to torque of the motor. The strain gauge is positioned on the body to measure flexation of the body.

A device for measuring mechanical changes includes at least one first resistor which is designed to convert a mechanical change into a change of its resistance value and at least one operational amplifier, wherein the at least first resistor and the operational amplifier are connected such that the at least first resistor serves as input resistance for the operational amplifier and the operational amplifier provides or can provide a measurement result at an output. The first resistor is for example a strain gauge that can be secured to a component.

An axle assembly for a bicycle includes an axle having an inner wall extending along a length of the axle between a first end and a second end of the axle. The inner wall at least partially defines a first volume and a second volume within the axle. The first volume has a first diameter, and the second volume has a second diameter that is greater than the first diameter. The first volume is closer than the second volume to the first end of the axle. The axle assembly also includes a sensor attached to the inner wall of the axle within the second volume of the axle.