The present strain gauge includes a substrate having flexibility; a resistor formed from a material containing at least one of chromium and nickel, on the substrate; a pair of wiring patterns formed on the substrate and electrically connected to both ends of the resistor; and a pair of electrodes formed on the substrate and electrically connected to the pair of wiring patterns, respectively. The wiring patterns include a first layer extending from the resistor, and a second layer having a lower resistance than the first layer and layered on the first layer. On the substrate, an electronic component mounting area is demarcated, on which an electronic component electrically connected to the electrodes is mounted.

Disclosed is a pouch-shaped secondary battery including a pressure sensing device having one side located in the case and the other side located outside the case, the pressure sensing device being configured to accurately measure pressure in the pouch-shaped secondary battery. Consequently, it is possible to predict abnormality of the pouch-shaped secondary battery or lifespan of the pouch-shaped secondary battery.

A force sensor includes a substrate, a plurality of sensing elements, and a plate. The substrate includes a central aperture extending along a longitudinal axis of the substrate, and has a proximal surface, a distal surface, a first side surface, a second side surface, a top surface, and a bottom surface. A recess is defined in at least one of the distal surface, the first side surface, the second side surface, the top surface, or the bottom surface of the substrate. The plurality of sensing elements are disposed within the recess, and the plate is disposed over the recess and mounted to the substrate to hermetically seal the plurality of sensing elements within the substrate.

A system and method of monitoring forces exerted at multiple locations on a mover includes multiple sensors, where each sensor is mounted at one of the locations. Each sensor detects an operating condition of the mover at the location on the mover at which it is mounted. The sensors may include accelerometers, strain gauges, or a combination thereof. Each strain gauge is mounted proximate to an area of interest on the mover. Each strain gauge generates a feedback signal corresponding to a deformation of the material measured at the location of the sensor. From the measured deformation of material, a force acting on the mover at the location of the sensor may be determined. The forces exerted at the different locations on the mover may be monitored in real time to determine bearing performance or monitored over a duration of time to observer changes in bearing performance over that duration.

A containment force apparatus and method a containment force apparatus for measuring containment force on a load, the apparatus comprising a first element configured to contact the load; a second element configured to engage at least a portion of a packaging material on the load and move between a first position associated with the first element to a second position perpendicular to the first position and spaced from the first element a measured distance; an actuator configured to urge the second element to move between the first position and the second position; and a force sensor configured to measure a force exerted on one of the first element or the second element.

Described herein is a ruggedized microelectromechanical (“MEMS”) force sensor including both piezoresistive and piezoelectric sensing elements and integrated with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (“CMOS”) circuitry on the same chip. The sensor employs piezoresistive strain gauges for static force and piezoelectric strain gauges for dynamic changes in force. Both piezoresistive and piezoelectric sensing elements are electrically connected to integrated circuits provided on the same substrate as the sensing elements. The integrated circuits can be configured to amplify, digitize, calibrate, store, and/or communicate force values electrical terminals to external circuitry.

The present disclosure discloses a human body simulation model, a fitting device, a fitting server, and a control method. The human body simulation model includes: a human body model; a photodeformable shaping garment; a plurality of excitation light sources; a plurality of elastic elements; and a first controller configured to control at least a part of the plurality of excitation light sources to emit light waves to the photodeformable shaping garment according to body shape parameters of a user received, so that the photodeformable shaping garment is deformed to simulate a body shape of the user.

A sensor includes a structure and a detector. The detector is arranged to detect a deformation of the structure. The structure has at least four elastic sections. The at least four elastic sections are discretely disposed in an imaginary plane.

Injection monitoring circuitry is provided for coupling to part of an injection device having a syringe and a plunger rod. The injection monitoring circuitry has an input to receive force measurement data from a force sensor, the force measurement data includes a plurality of timestamped force measurements of force applied by a user to the injection device when an injection is administered to an injection site. Processing circuitry is provided to determine from the force measurement data when an end of injection has been reached, the end of injection corresponding to the plunger rod having reached an end position in a distal portion of the barrel of the syringe during administration of the injection by the user. Machine readable instructions and an injection monitoring method are also provided.

Disclosed are a sensor for measuring seating force of an engine intake and exhaust valve and a measuring method. The sensor comprises a mounting boss, a force bearing element, a piezoelectric element, an annular thin-wall shell and an annular diaphragm with a T-shaped section. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides a measuring method by using the sensor. The sensor is simple in mechanism and convenient to use, has certain universality, and can realize the measurement of the impact load of the engine intake and exhaust valve.