A method of measuring the viscosity of a resin in a bottom-up additive manufacturing apparatus, includes the steps of: (a) providing an additive manufacturing apparatus including a build platform and a light transmissive window, said build platform and said window defining a build region there between, with said window carrying a resin; (b) advancing said build platform and said window towards one another until said build platform contacts said resin; (c) detecting the force exerted on said build platform by said resin; and (d) generating in a processor a viscosity measure of said resin from said detected force.

A pressure measuring apparatus for measuring a jetting pressure of a liquid jetted from a nozzle includes a plate including: a first surface facing the nozzle; and a second surface opposite to the first surface; a pressure sensor configured to detect a discharge position and the discharge pressure at the discharge position of the liquid and generate a signal based on the discharge pressure; and electrical components including a controller configured to receive the signal and collect data regarding the discharge pressure. The pressure sensor is provided on the first surface of the plate and the electrical components are provided on the second surface of the plate.

Disclosed herein is an apparatus (100) for making a stereolithographic object (122). Also disclosed herein are methods for making a stereolithographic object (122), a method for locating the position of debris, a method for characterising the viscosity of the material (104), and a method for monitoring consumption of a material (104) for making a stereolithographic object (122).

A torque sensor according to the present invention includes a strain body, first structure Y-axis connecting portions, second structure X-axis connecting portions and a detection element. The first structure Y-axis connecting portions are disposed on a positive side and a negative side of a Y-axis relative to the strain body, and the second structure X-axis connecting portions are disposed on a positive side and a negative side of an X-axis relative to the second structure. The strain body includes four deformable bodies each including a displacement portion that is displaced in a Z-axis direction by elastic deformation. The deformable bodies are respectively disposed in a first quadrant, a second quadrant, a third quadrant, and a fourth quadrant. The detection element includes a capacitive element that detects a change in capacitance value by a displacement of the displacement portion of each of the deformable bodies in the Z-axis direction.

A method and apparatus for measuring the cutting force on a single fiber. The method includes the steps of: providing a blade having an edge; providing a fiber mount for holding the single fiber; providing at least one sensor connected to the fiber mount; providing a fiber sleeve to contain a fiber within the fiber mount to simulate the location of the hair within the hair follicle; moving the blade toward the fiber and cutting the fiber; and measuring the cutting force on the fiber with the at least one sensor.

According to some aspects, techniques for determining a position of a build platform in an additive fabrication device are provided. According to some embodiments, forces resisting separation of the build platform from an opposing surface are measured and a position of the build platform with respect to the opposing surface is determined. In some embodiments, such forces may include fluid forces present during separation of a build platform from an interior surface of a liquid photopolymer container.

A force sensor unit includes a force sensor, a casing housing the force sensor within a space surrounded by one end portion, another end portion, and a side portion, an attachment member having a first attachment portion that can be attached to a robot arm of a robot and a second attachment portion detachably attached to the one end portion of the casing in a position different from that of the first attachment portion, and a wiring cable connected to the force sensor and routed from inside the casing to outside of the casing, wherein a positioning portion for positioning with respect to the robot arm is provided in the first attachment portion, and a part of the wiring cable is provided along a circumferential direction of the side portion.

An apparatus for inserting a canister (3) into an inhaler actuator device (20), wherein the apparatus comprises a force sensor (25) adapted to measure a reaction force between the canister and actuator device as the canister moves relative to the actuator device, and a corresponding method.

The present disclosure describes a method that prevents pre-mature dc-chucking in processing modules. The method includes placing a wafer onto a chuck equipped with lift pins. One or more of the lift pins include a pressure sensor configured to measure a pressure exerted by the wafer. The method further includes measuring a first pressure applied to the one or more lift pins by the wafer, lowering the lift pins to place the wafer on the chuck, and processing the wafer. The method also includes removing the wafer from the chuck by pressing the one or more lift pins against the wafer to measure a second pressure exerted by the wafer. If the measured second pressure is equal to the first pressure, the method raises the wafer using the lift pins above the chuck.

A force sensor for measuring axially occurring forces in manually operated or pneumatic presses has a central axis and an outer diameter and includes a bolt and a nut that preload between them a piezoelectric force washer with a plug connection. The washer has an inner end face defining a first bore having a first diameter with an internal thread. The bolt defines a throughbore with an internal diameter, a head portion and a hollow shaft defining a frontal external thread extending through the force washer and engaging the nut's internal thread. The nut or the head portion defines a second bore with a second diameter measuring smaller than the shafts internal diameter but at least one quarter of the outer diameter and at least as long as its diameter. The inner wall of the second bore defines a center mount for a sliding fit.